[Footnote 2120: Napoleon's words. ("Correspondance," XXX., 343, memoirs dictated at Saint Helena.)] [Footnote 2121: Lafayette, "Mémoires," II., 192.] [Footnote 2122: Pelet de la Lozère, "Opinions de Napoléon au conseil d'état," p. 63 "The senate is mistaken if it thinks it possesses a national and representative chamber. It is merely a constituted authority emanating from the government like the others."--Ibid., P.147: "It must not be in the power of a legislative body to impede government by refusing taxes; once the taxes are established they should be levied by simple decrees. The court of cassation regards my decrees as laws; otherwise, there would be no government." (January 9, 1808.)--Ibid., p. 147:" If I ever had any fear of the senate I had only to put fifty young state-councillors into it." (December 1, 1803.)--Ibid., p.150: "If an opposition should spring up in the legislative corps I would fall back on the senate to prorogue, change it, or break it up." (March 29, 1806.)--Ibid., p.151: "Sixty legislators go out every year which one does not know what to do with; those who do not get places go and grumble in the departments. I should like to have old land-owners married, in a certain sense, to the state through their family or profession, attached by some tie to the commonwealth. Such men would come to Paris annually, converse with the emperor in his own circle, and be contented with this little bit of vanity relieving the monotony of their existence." (Same date.)--Cf. Thibaudeau, "Mémoires sur le Consulat," ch. XIII., and M. de Metternich, "Mémoires," I., 120 (Words of Napoleon at Dresden, in the spring of 1812): "I shall give the senate and the council of state a new organization. The former will take the place of the upper chamber, the latter that of the chamber of deputies. I shall continue to appoint the senators; I shall have the state councillors elected one-third at a time on triple lists; the rest I will appoint. Here will the budget be prepared and the laws elaborated."--We see the corps législatif, docile as it is, still worrying him, and very justly; he foresaw the session of 1813.] CHAPTER II. PUBLIC POWER I. Principal service rendered by the public power. Principal service rendered by the public power.--It is an instrumentality.--A common law for every instrumentality. --Mechanical instruments.--Physiological instruments.--Social instruments.--The perfection of an instrument increases with the convergence of its effects.