France -- Civilization; France -- Politics and government; France -- Social life and customs -- 19th century
[Footnote 1215: "Madame de Rémusat," I., 121: I have it from Corvisart
that the pulsations of his arteries are fewer than is usual with men.
He never experienced what is commonly called giddiness." With him, the
nervous apparatus is perfect in all its functions, incomparable for
receiving, recording, registering, combining, and reflecting, but other
organs suffer a reaction and are very sensitive." (De Ségur, VI., 15 and
16, note of Drs. Yvan and Mestivier, his physicians.) "To preserve
the equilibrium it was necessary with him that the skin should always
fulfill its functions; as soon as the tissues were affected by any moral
or atmospheric cause.... irritation, cough, ischuria." Hence his need of
frequent prolonged and very hot baths. "The spasm was generally shared
by the stomach and the bladder. If in the stomach, he had a nervous
cough which exhausted his moral and physical energies." Such was the
case between the eve of the battle of Moscow and the morning after his
entry into Moscow: "a constant dry cough, difficult and intermittent
breathing; the pulse sluggish, weak, and irregular; the urine thick and
sedimentary, drop by drop and painful; the lower part of the legs and
the feet extremely oedematous." Already, in 1806, at Warsaw, "after
violent convulsions in the stomach," he declared to the Count de Loban,
"that he bore within him the germs of a premature death, and that he
would die of the same disease as his father's." (De Ségur, VI., 82.)
After the victory of Dresden, having eaten a ragout containing garlic,
he is seized with such violent gripings as to make him think he was
poisoned, and he makes a retrograde movement, which causes the loss of
Vandamme's division, and, consequently, the ruin of 1813. "Souvenirs",
by Pasquier, Etienne-Dennis, duc, chancelier de France. Librarie Plon,
Paris 1893, (narrative of Daru, an eye-witness.)--This susceptibility of
the nerves and stomach is hereditary with him and shows itself in
early youth. "One day, at Brienne, obliged to drop on his knees, as
a punishment, on the sill of the refectory, he is seized with sudden
vomiting and a violent nervous attack." De Segur, I., 71.--It is well
known that he died of a cancer in the stomach, like his father Charles
Bonaparte. His grandfather Joseph Bonaparte, his uncle Fesch, his
brother Lucien, and his sister Caroline died of the same, or of an
analogous disease.]
[Footnote 1216: Meneval, I., 269. Constant, "Mémoires," V., 62. De
Ségur, VI., 114, 117.]
[Footnote 1217: Marshal Marmont, "Mémoires," I., 306. Bourrienne, II.,
119: "When off the political field he was sensitive, kind, open to
pity."]
[Footnote 1218: Pelet de la Lozére, p.7. De Champagny, "Souvenirs,"
p.103. At first, the emotion was much stronger. "He had the fatal
news for nearly three hours; he had given vent to his despair alone by
himself. He summoned me.... plaintive cries involuntarily escaped him."]
[Footnote 1219: Madame de Rémusat, I., 121, 342; II., 50; III., 61, 294,
312.]
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