[Footnote 6318: Law of Floreal 11, year X, article 4.--"Rapport sur la statistique comparée de l'enseignement primaire," 1880, vol. II.,p. 133;--31 per cent of the pupils in the public schools were gratuitously admitted in 1837; 57 per cent in 1876-77. The congregationists admit about two thirds of their scholars gratuitously and one third for pay.] [Footnote 6319: Cf. Jourdain, Ibid., pp. 22, 143, 161.] [Footnote 6320: Cf. Jourdain, Ibid., p.287. (The fixed salary and examination-fees are included in the above figures.) In 1850, the regular salary of the professor in the Paris Medical Faculty is reduced from 7000 to 6000 francs. In 1849, the maximum of all the salaries of the Law professors is limited to 12,000 francs.] [Footnote 6321: Read, among other biographies, "Ambroise Rendu," by Eug. Rendu.] [Footnote 6322: This, in France, lasted until the Communists in 1946 insisted as a price for their participation in governing France that the right to strike for civil servants be inserted in the French Constitution. In this way Stalin was sure to trouble France a great deal. (SR.)] [Footnote 6323: "Rapport sur la statistique comparée de l'enseignement primaire," 1880, vol. II.,pp.8, 110, 206.--Law of March 15, 1850, "Exposé des motifs," by M. Beugnot.] [Footnote 6324: "Revue des Deux Mondes," number of Aug.15, 1869, pp. 909, 911. (Article by M. Boissier.)] [Footnote 6325: Act of Nov. 9, 1818. (Down to 1850 and after, the University so arranged its teaching (in high school) as not to come in conflict with the clergy on the debatable grounds of history. For example, at the end of the 8th grade the history of the Roman Empire after Augustus was rapidly passed over and then, in the 9th grade, they began again with the invasion of the barbarians. The origins of Christianity and the entire primitive history of the Christian Church were thus avoided. For the same reason, modern history ended in 1789.] [Footnote 6326: M. Guizot, "Mémoires," vol. II.] [Footnote 6327: An eminent university personage, a political character and man of the world, said to me in 1850: "Pedagogy does not exist. There are only personal methods which each finds out for himself and eloquent phrases for effect on the public."--Bréal, "Quelques mots sur l'instruction publique" (1872), p. 300: "France produces more works on sericiculture than on the direction of colleges; rules and a few works already ancient suffice for us."] [Footnote 6328: On this day the monarchy of King Louis-Phillippe collapsed and the Republic was declared. (SR.)] [Footnote 6329: "L'Église et l'État sous la monarchie de juillet," by Thureau-Dangin, 481-483.] [Footnote 6330: Law of March 15, 1850 (Report by M. Beugnot).] [Footnote 6331: Law of March 15, 1850, art. 21.] [Footnote 6332: Law of March 15, 1850, article 21.]