Although paragraph 30, of the Austrian law of association (_Vereinsgesetz_) prevents the Czechish women from forming political associations, the women of Bohemia, especially of Prague, show the most active political interest. The women owners of large estates in Bohemia voted until 1906 for members of the imperial Parliament. When universal suffrage was granted to the Austrian men, the voting rights of this privileged minority were withdrawn. The government's resolution, providing for an early introduction of a woman's suffrage measure, has not yet been carried out. The suffrage conditions for the Bohemian _Landtag_ (provincial legislature) are different. Taxpayers, office-holders, doctors, and teachers vote for this body; the women, of course, voting by proxy. The same is true in the Bohemian municipal elections. In Prague only are the women deprived of the suffrage. The Prague woman's suffrage committee, organized in 1905, has proved irrefutably that the women in Prague are legally entitled to the suffrage for the Bohemian _Landtag_. In the _Landtag_ election of 1907 the women presented a candidate, Miss Tumova, who received a considerable number of votes, but was defeated by the most prominent candidate (the mayor). However, this campaign aroused an active interest in woman's suffrage. In 1909 Miss Tumova was again a candidate. The proposed reform of the election laws for the Bohemian _Landtag_ (1908) (which provides for universal suffrage, although not equal suffrage) would disfranchise the women outside Prague. The women are opposing the law by indignation meetings and deputations. GALICIA[106] Total population: about 7,000,000. Poles: about 3,500,000. Ruthenians: about 3,500,000. The women predominate numerically. No federation of women's clubs. No woman's suffrage league. The conditions prevailing in Galicia are unspeakably pathetic,--medieval, oriental, and atrocious. Whoever has read Emil Franzo's works is familiar with these conditions. The Vienna official inquiry into the industrial conditions of women led to a similar inquiry in Lemberg. This showed that most of the women _cannot_ live on their earnings. The lowest wages are those of the women engaged in the ready-made clothing industry,--2 to 2-1/2 guldens ($.96 to $1.10) a _month_ as beginners; 8 to 10 guldens ($3.85 to $4.82) later. The wages (including board and room) of servant girls living with their employers are 20 to 25 cents a day. The skilled seamstress that sews linen garments can earn 40 cents a day if she works sixteen hours.