The Modes of Ancient Greek MusicMonro, D. B. (David Binning)
History
The Modes of Ancient Greek Music
Monro, D. B. (David Binning)
Music, Greek and Roman
The symbols [Symbol: O] and [Symbol: B], which do not belong to the
Phrygian scale, are explained by M. Reinach in a way that is in a
high degree plausible and suggestive. In other keys, he observes, the
symbol [Symbol: O] stands for the note _b_ (natural). Thus it holds
the place of 'leading-note' (_note sensible_) to the keynote, _c_. It
has hitherto been supposed that the standard scale of Greek music,
the octave _a-a_, differed from the modern Minor in the want of a
leading note. Here, however, we find evidence that such a note was
known in practice, if not as a matter of theory, to Greek musicians.
If this is so, it strongly confirms the view that _c_ was in fact the
key-note of the Phrygian scale. The symbol [Symbol: B], which occurs
only once, answers to our _g_[Symbol: flat], and may be similarly
explained as a leading note to _g_, the dominant of the key. We
infer, with M. Reinach, that the scale employed in the hymn is not
only like, but identical with, the scale of our Minor.
The fragment marked C by M. Weil resembles the hymn to Apollo in
subject, and also in metre, but cannot belong to the same work. The
melody is written in the Lydian key, with the notation which we have
hitherto known as the instrumental, but which is now shown to have
been used, occasionally at least, for vocal music. The fragment is as
follows:[Music: [Symbols]
[Greek: t' e-pi tê-les-ko-pon tan[de] di-ko-ry-phon klei-tyn hym[in]
Pi-erides ai ni-pho-bo-lous mel-pe-te de Py-thi-on Phoi-bon on
e-tik-te L[a-tô]]
M. Reinach connects this fragment with a shorter one, also in the
Lydian key, but not in paeonic metre, viz.--
[Music: [Symbols]
[Greek:.. thon es-che ma ... thê-ra kat-ek-ta.... syrigm' a-per..]]
M. Reinach thinks that the mode may be the so-called Hypo-lydian (the
octave _f - f_). The materials are surely too scanty for any
conclusion as to this.
The fragment D, the only remaining piece which M. Reinach has found
it worth while to transcribe, is also written in the instrumental
notation of the Lydian key. The metre is the glyconic. The fragment
is as follows:--
[Music: [Symbols]
[Greek: ton man-to-sy[na klyton] ô-leth' hy-gra ch ... despoti
Krê-siôn.. ai nae-tas Delphôn]] [Music: [Symbols]
[Greek: ...in ap-tais-tous Bak-chou [thiasous] ...te prospolois]]
[Symbols] [Greek: tan te do[u]ri[klytôn ar-chan au-xet' a-gê-ra-tô
thal ...]]
This piece also is referred by M. Reinach to the Hypo-lydian mode. It
may surely be objected that of three places in which we may fairly
suppose that we have the end of a metrical division, viz. those which
end with the words [Greek: Delphôn, prospolois] and [Greek: agêratô],
two present us with cadences on the Mesê (_d_), and one on the Hypatê
(_a_). This seems to point strongly to the Minor Mode.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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