[39] 50 100 100 50 50 50 PROSTITUTES. PROSTITUTES. FEMALE PEASANT PEASANT LADIES OF MEASUREMENTS. THIEVES. WOMEN. WOMEN. GOOD (NORTH.) (SOUTH.) SOCIETY. Anteropost. diam. 17·7 17·8 17·9 18·3 18 18·3 Max. trans. diam. 13·9 14·4 14·9 14·5 14·5 14·5 Max. circumference 52·9 53·3 53·5 52·7 53·6 58·8 Zygomatic dist. 11·4 11·3 11·2 10·9 11·4 11·3 Mandib. biang. distance 10·1 10·18 9·1 9·1 9·9 9·8 [40] _Archiv. di Psichiatria_, Mierjeivki, 1887.—Ibid., 1888, p. 196. [41] _Arch. di Psichiatria_, x, 1889. Among criminal women, Saloalto has made studies altogether new; he has recognised among 130 female thieves the degenerative character, anomalies of the skull and of the physiognomy, in a less degree than among the men; he has found brachycephaly in 7, oxycephaly in 29, platycephaly in 7, the retreating forehead in 7, strabismus in 11, protruding ears in 6; the sense of touch was normal in 2 out of 100, the reflexions of the tendons decreasing in 4 out of 100, exaggerated in 12 out of 100. Marro and Marselli have explained by sexual selection this enormous difference, which one also finds among epileptics and particularly in insane people; the men in fact do not choose ugly women with degenerative characters, while the women have no choice, and very often an ugly man, criminal, but vigorous, for this reason triumphs over all obstacles; sometimes he is even preferred. (Flaubert, "Correspondance," 1889.) Let us add that the cares of maternity soften the character of women, and augment in them the sentiment of pity. Dr. Ottolenghi[42] has studied in my laboratory the wrinkles of 200 criminals and 200 normal persons (workingmen and peasants), and he has found that they occur earlier and much more frequently among the criminals; in fact, two to five times more so than among normal persons, with predominance of the zygomatic wrinkle (situated in the middle of each cheek), which wrinkle may well be called the wrinkle of vice, and is the characteristic wrinkle of criminals. [42] UNDER 25 YEARS. BETWEEN 25 AND 50 YEARS. NORMAL. CRIMINAL. NORMAL. CRIMINAL. LOCATION. p. 100. p. 100. p. 100. p. 100. Wrinkles of the forehead 7·1 34 62 86 Nasolabial wrinkles 22 69 62 78 Zygomatic wrinkles 0 16 18 33