Experiments were made a short time ago by Mr. Rossi, who studied the result of these measurements in 100 criminals (nearly all thieves). He found the breadth of the span of the arms to be greater than the height of body in 88; and in 11 to be less. In 30 he found the right foot larger; in 58 he found the left foot larger; in 12 both feet equal. The right arms of 43 per cent. were longer than the left, and the left in 54 per cent. longer than the right. Which confirms to a marvellous degree the _gaucherie_, mancinism, or structural misproportion, that had before been indicated by dynamometry and the study of the walk of criminals.[45] [45] _Archiv. di Psichiatria_, 1889, Vol. x. p. 191. The very frequent recurrence of anatomical misproportion and _gaucherie_ could not be better confirmed; and there are in this atavistic symptoms, for Rollet has observed in 42 anthropoids the left humerus to be longer than the right, in the proportion of 60 to 100, while among men the proportion is only 7 out of 100. (_Revue Scientifique_, 1889.) This anatomical misproportion I have very recently verified with Mr. Ottolenghi by measurements of the two hands, the middle fingers, and the feet, right and left, in 90 normal persons and in 100 born criminals.[46] (Archiv. di Psichiatria, X. 8.) [46] HAND LONGER. MIDDLE FINGER. FOOT. TYPES. RIGHT. LEFT. RIGHT. LEFT. RIGHT. LEFT. PER CENTUM. PER CENTUM. PER CENTUM. Normal persons 14·4 11 16·6 15·5 38·5 15·6 Criminals 5 25 10 27 27 35 Swindlers 4·3 13 13 21·7 21·7 26 Ravishers 7 14·2 14·2 28·4 35·7 35·7 Maimers 15 25 5 25 20 55 Thieves 0 34·8 13 30·4 26 26·6 Pickpockets 0 35 5 30 35 25 Tattooing.—I was under the belief that in this respect nothing more was to be said after the beautiful studies of Messrs. Lacassagne and Marro, and after my own.[47] [47] See _Nouvelle Revue_; also my _Uomo Delinquente_, 4th ed., 1889. However, the researches made by Messrs. Severi, Lucchini, and Boselli on 4,000 new criminals have given results of a high importance and first of all a proportion eight fold greater than that of the alienists of the same district (Florence and Lucca). The prevalency of this practice is enormous; it amounts to 40 in 100 among military criminals and to 33 in 100 among criminals under age; the women give a proportion of only 1·6 in 100, but this would be increased to 2 in 100 if we included certain kinds of fly-tattooing (_tatouages mouches_) resembling beauty spots, which are found even in high life prostitution.