The Monist, Vol. 1, 1890-1891 : $b A quarterly magazineVarious
Philosophy
The Monist, Vol. 1, 1890-1891 : $b A quarterly magazine
Various
Philosophy -- Periodicals
The objection to this conception of things is made by a consistent
idealist, that these observations must always exist in some mind, they
do not exist outside of a mind, and mind can as little go beyond itself
as a person can walk outside of his skin. Certainly, observations
always exist in some mind; they have always a subjective element. But
they have also an objective element. No sensation, no perception, no
observation is without an objective feature. This objective feature
in a sensation or a perception, and also in an abstract idea, is the
element that if true has to agree with other facts outside of the
sentient being of whose mind the perception is a part. An idealist who
is pleased to deny this would either have to identify hallucinations
with sensations, or he would be obliged to consider the objective
elements of his mind merely and solely as subjective states, having
no representative value. In that case he would necessarily be obliged
to consider the facts represented, i. e. the things outside the body,
as parts of his mind. This being granted, every mind would appear
as congruent and coextensive with the universe. We should have as
many universes as there are minds, and yet all universes would be
only one and the same universe, their sole difference being that of
a difference of centres. With the death of every living creature a
universe would die; but notwithstanding the chain of consciousness were
broken forever in death, the existence of his mind, being that which
is commonly considered as the objective universe, would not cease;
merely a view-centre would be lost. That which we have characterised
as representations in feeling-substance (which according to our
terminology constitutes mind) would be a transient and unessential
feature of mind only; and if it should cease to be, mind would
still exist in what we have defined as the outside facts, the facts
represented in mental symbols. In short, mind would be the All, it
would be a synonym of God. And not only all mental beings actually
existing or having existed would each, one and all, constitute the
universe, but also all potential minds, every atom and all possible
combinations of atoms that possibly might play a part in the mental
activity of a sentient being, would constitute it.
The views of an idealist who accepts these consequences are undeniably
correct, although we may quarrel about the propriety of his
terminology. Yet an idealist of this type, we may fairly assume, will
have little difficulty in adapting himself to our terminology, and in
that case we might easily agree about the possibility of arriving at a
criterion of truth; for his world-conception (aside from a difference
in terms) might, or rather would be practically the same as ours.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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