The Monist, Vol. 2, 1891-1892 : $b A quarterly magazineVarious
Philosophy
The Monist, Vol. 2, 1891-1892 : $b A quarterly magazine
Various
Philosophy -- Periodicals
It would be a mistake to suppose that, because Locke believed morality
to be founded in our conception of God, he considered the moral law
referable simply to the divine will, and therefore to be arbitrary and
changeable. So far from this, he regarded the moral law as eternal
and immutable, and affirmed that its cardinal principles could be
discovered and laid hold of by the light of nature. As says Pfleiderer,
when speaking of Locke and Wolff, “Locke also considers a supernatural
revelation to be possible, and to have actually taken place in
Christianity, but he insists as strongly as Wolff does, and even more
logically, that this revelation must not in any way contradict the
natural revelation given us by God in our reason.” Locke expressly
declares, that the reason _is_ natural revelation, while revelation is
natural reason enlarged. The latter he regarded as necessary because,
although reason is sufficient for the virtuous, penalties must be relied
upon for influencing the multitude; and in revelation the doctrine of
immortality with future rewards and punishments is made known. Whether
this revelation is true or false, the fear of future punishment has
undoubtedly had a restraining influence over the vicious. But reason
would not be sufficient for the virtuous without an inclination natural
or acquired, to virtue. It is a question of disposition, and this will
be virtuous or vicious, according to the conditions under which the
individual has come into being and been “educated,” in the fullest sense
of this term. Reason forms part of these conditions which, so far as they
are not purely objective, are dependent on or referable to human nature;
as, indeed, must be the supposed revelation of enlarged natural reason.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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