The question occurs whether other craters may not have been similarly filled and have emptied themselves by the bursting of the wall under the pressure of the accumulated lake of lava within. We know that this breaching is a common phenomenon in the volcanoes of our globe; the district of Auvergne furnishing us with many examples; and there are some suspicious instances upon the moon. Copernicus exhibits signs of such disruption, as also does the smaller crater intruding upon the great circle of Gassendi. (See Frontispiece.) But the existence of such discharging breaches implies the outpouring of a body of fluid or semi-fluid material, comparable in cubical content to the capacity of the crater, and of this we ought to see traces or evidence in the form of a bulky or extensive lava stream issuing from the breach. But although there are faint indications of once viscous material lying in the direction that escaping fluid would take, we do not find anything of the extent that we should expect from the mass of matter that would constitute _a craterfull_. It is true that if the escaping fluid had been very limpid it might have spread over a large area and have formed a stratum too thin to be detected. Such a degree of limpidity as would be required to fulfil this condition we are hardly, however, justified in assuming. To return to the subject of central cones. Although there are cases in which the simple condition of a single cone exists, yet in the majority we see that the cone-forming process has been divided or interrupted, the consequence being the production of a group of conical hills instead of a single one. Copernicus offers an example of this character, six, some observers say seven, separate points of light, indicating as many peaks tipped with sunshine, having been seen when the greater part of the crater has been buried in shadow. Erastothenes, Bulialdus, Maurolicus, Petavius, Langreen, and Gassendi, are a few among many instances of craters possessing more than a central single cone. This multiplication of peaks upon the moon doubtless arose from similar causes to those which produce the same feature in terrestrial volcanoes. Our sketch of Vesuvius in 1865 (Fig. 26) shows the double cone and the probable source of the secondary one in the diverted channel of the out-coming material. A very slight interruption in the first instance would suffice to divert the stream and form another centre of action, or a choking of the original vent would compel the issuing matter to find a less resisting thoroughfare into open space, and the process of cone-building would be continued from the new orifice, perhaps to be again interrupted after a time and again driven in another direction. In this manner, by repeated arrests and diversions of the ejecta, cone has grown upon the side of cone, till, ere the force has entirely spent itself, a cluster of peaks has been produced. It may have been that this