Great Britain. Parliament; Great Britain. Parliament -- History; Representative government and representation
The reports of the proceedings were often written under great
difficulties. Dr. Johnson would at times be compelled to invent the
whole debate, depending solely upon his imagination, and being
provided with nothing more inspiring than a list of the speakers and
of the subjects under discussion. "I wrote that in a garret!" he is
always supposed to have said of a much admired speech of Pitt's, and
perhaps the oratorical fame of many a statesman of that day is due to
Dr. Johnson's literary skill. His style was as a rule far too perfect
to pass for that of an ordinary member of Parliament, and in his
reports he is often accused of giving not so much what the speakers
said as what they ought to have said. Nor was his pen an entirely
impartial one, for he always took care, as he explained to Boswell,
that the "Whig dogs" should not have the best of it in debate. Writing
as he did, very hurriedly and from scanty materials, the compilation
of parliamentary reports gave him little satisfaction. As soon as he
found that his debates were thought to be genuine, he determined to
cease their composition, and in the later years of his life often
expressed regret at having been engaged in work of this kind.
The "London Magazine" was the next journal to publish debates,
imitating the methods of the "Gentleman's Magazine," by pretending to
report the proceedings of an imaginary Roman Senate, and alluding to
the speakers by more or less appropriate Latin names.
In spite of these various efforts to establish the liberty of the
Press, the attitude of Parliament long remained antagonistic. In 1728
a fresh resolution was passed in the House declaring it to be a
breach of privilege for any one to print any account of the debates,
and in the following year a printer of Gloucester was summoned to the
bar of the Lords and severely reprimanded for publishing a report of
their proceedings.[446] In 1738 Speaker Onslow brought up the subject
of parliamentary reporting in the Commons, and a debate ensued. "If we
do not put a speedy stop to this practice," said Winnington, "you will
have the speeches of this House every day printed, even during your
session, and we shall be looked upon as the most contemptible assembly
on the face of the earth." Pelham, however, was inclined to deal
lightly with the Press. "Let them alone," he said once, "they make
better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves."[447] But it
was a long time before this sensible view became general.
[446] Raikes's "Journal," vol. ii. p. 321.
[447] Coxe's Pelham Administration, vol. I. p. 355.
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