The dull brownish moth (Plate 110, Fig. 6), is generally distributed throughout the British Isles, including the Orkneys. The fore wings of southern specimens are usually suffused with reddish, but this is less obvious in northern examples. The markings are sometimes bold and striking or, on the other hand, only faintly defined, or largely absent. A pinkish-tinged brown form without markings was formerly confused with the Continental _A. helvetina_. The moth is on the wing in June and July, sometimes in August, especially in the north; and the caterpillar is to be found from July to May. When young it feeds on various low-growing plants, but later it crawls up at night to devour the leaves of hawthorn, sloe, sallow, birch, etc. It is brownish, tinged with pink, and marked on the back with a series of V-shaped dashes, and white points; on ring eleven there is a yellowish-edged black mark; above the white spiracles is a black-edged red-brown stripe. Head pale brown, freckled with darker brown. THE AUTUMNAL RUSTIC (_Noctua glareosa_). In its typical form as depicted on Plate 110, Fig. 4, this species is slaty grey with black markings. In Devonshire and other parts of the west of England, and also in Ireland, it assumes a decided pinkish tinge (var. _rosea_, Tutt). Through Scotland the colour becomes darker grey, and in Perthshire it merges into blackish grey. In the Shetlands a blackish, or sooty-brown form (var. _edda_, Staud.), occurs. [Illustration] Pl. 112. 1. INGRAILED CLAY: _caterpillar_. 2. PURPLE CLAY: _caterpillar_. 3, 3a. SQUARE-SPOT RUSTIC: _caterpillar_. [Illustration] Pl. 113. 1. DOUBLE SQUARE-SPOT. 2. SQUARE-SPOTTED CLAY. 3, 4. PURPLE CLAY. 5, 6, 7. INGRAILED CLAY. 8, 9. INGRAILED CLAY, _var. conflua_. 10, 11. INGRAILED CLAY, _var. thulei_. {219} The caterpillar feeds on grasses and various low plants, also on ling, heath, sallow, and has been found on wild hyacinth. It is yellowish-brown with dark shaded pale lines on the back, and a dark brown stripe on the sides; spiracles and dots blackish. October to June. The moth flies in August and September, and affects heathy places, borders of woods, etc., throughout the British Isles, including the Hebrides, Orkneys, and Shetlands. Except in the New Forest, Hampshire, it does not seem to be common in the southern counties of England; it occurs in Epping Forest, and in other parts of the eastern counties; northwards it becomes more generally distributed and more plentiful. THE NEGLECTED, OR GREY RUSTIC (_Noctua castanea_).