2 Pl. 84. 1. GRASS RIVULET: _caterpillar_. 2. WAVED CARPET: _caterpillar_. 3, 3a. YELLOW SHELL: _eggs and caterpillar_. [Illustration] 2 Pl. 85. 1, 2. SANDY CARPET. 3. BARRED CARPET. 4-9. YELLOW SHELL. {207} SANDY CARPET (_Perizoma flavofasciata_). The pale ochreous-brown, or sandy, markings on the white fore wings of this species readily distinguish it from either of its allies. Variable in size, and also in the brownish tint of the markings; the central band is usually contracted below the middle, and not infrequently it is completely severed at this point. It is the _decolorata_ of Hubner, and although more generally known by that name, the earlier _flavofasciata_, Thunberg, will have to be adopted for this species. (Plate 85, Figs. 1 [male], 2 [female].) The stoutish caterpillar is pale reddish ochreous with browner lines; head, brown and shining, plate on first and last rings of the body brown. It feeds on the flower buds, and on the immature seeds, of the red campion (_Lychnis dioica_), and the white campion (_L. vespertina_), but is more partial to the first named; in Ireland it is said to feed on bladder campion (_Silene inflata_). In July and August, or even later, the moth may be beaten out of hedgerows, sandy banks, and borders of woods, and sometimes disturbed from patches of the campion growing in thickets; in such places it is on the wing about sundown. Although local to some extent, it appears to be common enough in most of the counties of England and Wales. In Scotland, it is more or less generally common in Roxburghshire and Clydesdale, and is said to have been an inhabitant of Perthshire (Moncrieffe Hill). It appears to be very local in Ireland, but is recorded from Antrim, Derry, and Kerry, and noted as common at Larne in the first-named county. {208} GRASS RIVULET (_Perizoma albulata_). Although some English specimens approach the larger and whiter typical form, the species as it occurs in the British Isles is generally greyer, var. _griseata_, Staudinger; two examples of this form are shown on Plate 83, Figs. 10 and 11. In the Shetland Isles, the species assumes a darker coloration, and is either well marked on the fore wings, as in Fig. 14, or almost plain, as in Fig. 13 (ab. _thules_, Weir), which is an extreme aberration of the form _subfasciaria_, Boheman. In other examples of a deep leaden grey, or brown tint, the central area is no darker than the rest of the wing. In the Isle of Lewis a white form with faint markings is prevalent, and this leads up to a clear white aberration devoid of markings, ab. _niveata_, Stephens, = _hebudium_, Weir.