The Mountain Chant, A Navajo Ceremony: Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1883-84, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1887, pages 379-468Matthews, Washington
Religion
The Mountain Chant, A Navajo Ceremony: Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1883-84, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1887, pages 379-468
Matthews, Washington
Mountainway (Navajo rite); Navajo Indians -- Rites and ceremonies
151. _Other dances._ In subsequent dances I saw exhibitions which did
not occur in the ceremony of November 5, 1882, just described, and I
have learned of other shows produced on the last night, which I have
never had an opportunity to witness. All the alilis may be modified.
I have rarely seen two performances of the same dance which were just
alike.
152. On two occasions I have witnessed a very pretty dance, in which an
eagle plume was stuck upright in a basket and by means of some well
hidden mechanism caused to dance in good time to the song, the beat of
the drum, and the motions of the single Indian who danced at the same
time; not only this, but the feather followed the motions of the Indian:
if he danced toward the north, the feather leaned to the north while
making its rhythmical motions; if he moved to the south, it bent its
white head in the same direction, and so on. On one occasion it was a
little boy, five years old, son of the chief Manuelito, who danced with
the eagle plume. He was dressed and painted much like the akáninili, or
the arrow swallowers (Figs. 54, 55), on a diminutive scale. The sash of
scarlet velvet around his hips was beautifully trimmed with feathers.
They said he had been several weeks in training for the dance, and he
certainly went through his varied motions with great skill. I have
rarely seen a terpsichorean spectacle that struck my fancy more than
that of the little Indian child and his partner, the eagle plume.
153. It might be thought that the word “thòhay,” so often used to make
inanimate objects pay attention, was one of very sacred import. So it
is, no doubt; yet I have seen it broadly burlesqued. It was on the
occasion of the last “chant” which I attended. A number of boys, from
twelve to fifteen years of age they seemed, led by a pleasant looking
old man with a skeptical twinkle in his eye, came into the dark circle.
One of the party carried a deep Indian basket, from the top of which a
number of spruce twigs protruded. They formed what has been designated
as the ring of occultation, and while doing so they shouted and screamed
and puffed the talismanic “thòhay” in a way that left no doubt of their
intention to ridicule. Their extravagant motions added to the
significance of their intonation. When the ring opened the boys sat on
the ground and began to sing and beat a drum. The old man sat at a
distance of about three paces west of the basket. Presently the nose of
a little weasel (the image being probably a stuffed skin) appeared among
the spruce boughs. All the timid, inquiring motions of the little animal
were well mimicked: the nose was thrust forward and pulled back, the
whole head would emerge and retreat, and at rare times the shoulders
would be seen for a moment, to be quickly drawn in among the screening
spruce twigs. All these motions were made in perfect time to the singing
and drumming. The old man who pulled the actuating strings made no
secret of his manipulations.
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