The Mountain Chant, A Navajo Ceremony: Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1883-84, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1887, pages 379-468Matthews, Washington
Religion
The Mountain Chant, A Navajo Ceremony: Fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1883-84, Government Printing Office, Washington, 1887, pages 379-468
Matthews, Washington
Mountainway (Navajo rite); Navajo Indians -- Rites and ceremonies
164. The divine forms are shaped alike but colored differently. They lie
with heads extended outward, one to each of the four cardinal points of
the compass, the faces looking forward, the arms half extended on either
side, with the hands raised to a level with the shoulders. They wear
around their loins skirts of red sunlight, adorned with sunbeams. They
have ear pendants, bracelets, and armlets, blue and red (of turquoise
and coral), the prehistoric and emblematic jewels of the Navajo. Their
forearms and legs are black, showing in each a zigzag mark to represent
lightning on the surface of the black rain clouds. In the north god
these colors are, for artistic reasons, reversed. Each bears, attached
to his right hand with a string, a rattle, a charm, and a basket. The
rattle is of the shape of those used by the medicine men in this
particular dance, made of raw hide and painted to symbolize the rain
cloud and lightning. The left hand is empty; but beside each one is a
highly conventionalized picture of a plant. The left hand remains empty,
as it were, to grasp this plant, to indicate that the plant at the left
hand belongs to the god whose corresponding hand is unoccupied and
extended towards it. The proprietorship of each god in his own
particular plant is further indicated by making the plant the same color
as the god. The body of the eastern god is white; so is the stalk of
corn at his left, in the southeast. The body of the southern god is
blue; so is the beanstalk beside him, in the southwest. The body of the
western god is yellow; so is his pumpkin vine, in the northwest. The
body of the north god is black; so is the tobacco plant, which is under
his special protection, in the northeast.
165. Each of the four sacred plants is represented as growing from five
white roots in the central waters and spreading outwards to the
periphery of the picture. The gods form one cross whose limbs are
directed to the four cardinal points; the plants form another cross
having a common center with the first named cross, but whose limbs
extend to the intermediate points of the compass.
166. On the head of each yay is an eagle plume lying horizontally and
pointing to the right. A similar arrangement of four plumes, all
pointing in one direction (contrary to the sun’s apparent course), may
be observed on the baskets carried by the gods.
[Illustration:
Bureau of Ethnology
Fifth Annual Report Pl. XVI
SECOND DRY PAINTING]
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