For this purpose stoneware bowls or basins placed over a drain and fitting into ordinary right-angled junctions placed vertically are simple and effective as well as very economical in construction. Slate, iron, or wood seats may be placed on these basins, which should be kept half full of water. A periodical and sudden flush which carries the whole contents into the nearest sewer can be arranged for so as to work automatically by the introduction of a cistern and one of Mr. Roger Field’s flush syphons at the upper end of the system. For further information on the subject of urinals, waterclosets, latrines, and all similar subjects, let the town surveyor refer to Mr. George Jennings or Messrs. Macfarlane, who have an endless variety of designs and appliances in connection with such matters. [196] The urban authority have an absolute discretion as to the sites they select. They cannot, however, erect public conveniences so as thereby to cause a nuisance, even though the convenience is wanted and the locality chosen suitable. (_Vide_ ‘Public Health and Local Government Act,’ by F. V. Fitzgerald, 3rd edition, p. 33.) [197] The quantity of water usually required to each stall when kept constantly running is about half a gallon per minute. [198] For an excellent specimen of such public accommodation, that at Liverpool near the St. George’s Hall should be inspected. CHAPTER XXIV. ARTIZANS AND LABOURERS’ DWELLINGS, &c. The Artizans and Labourers’ Dwellings Act 1868 (31 & 32 Vic. c. 130) was in effect incorporated in the Public Health Act 1875 so that “every urban authority shall within their district, . . . have, exercise and be subject to all the powers, rights, duties, capacities, liabilities, and obligations within such district exercisable or attaching by and to the local authority” (38 & 39 Vic. c. 55, s. 10). The mode of procedure is as follows: Where the “officer of health”[199] finds any premises in a condition or state dangerous to health so as to be unfit for human habitation, he shall report the same in writing to the clerk of the local authority. The local authority must then refer such report to a surveyor or engineer,[200] who shall thereupon consider the report so furnished to him, and report to the local authority what is the cause of the evil so reported on, and if such evil is occasioned by defects in any premises, whether the same can be remedied by structural alterations and improvements or otherwise, or whether such premises or any or what part thereof ought to be demolished (31 & 32 Vic. c. 130, s. 6).