[218] As an instance of the size and importance works of this description may assume, the Bois de Boulogne, Paris, is an example. It covers an area of 2000 acres, of which one half is forest, one quarter is grass, one-eighth roads, and about 70 acres is water. One of the most beautifully arranged public parks in this country is Sefton Park, Liverpool, where the most perfect arrangements of lawns, plantations, lakes and drives, have been carried out. [219] ‘A Treatise on Pruning Forest and Ornamental Trees,’ by A. des Cars, translated from the 7th French edition, with an introduction by Charles S. Sargent, etc. Published by A. Williams and Co., Boston, U.S.A., 1881. [220] In Paris in the year 1880, there were 90,000 trees in the streets, besides 20,000 more in the cemeteries. (_Vide_ Report of Mr. Till, the Borough Surveyor of Birmingham, 20th December, 1880.) There are also upwards of 8000 seats in public places; the trees and seats costing nearly 100,000_l._ per annum to maintain. [221] _Vide_ ‘The Parks, Promenades, and Gardens of Paris,’ by W. Robinson, F.L.S., 1869, p. 128. [222] _Vide_ ‘L’Architecte,’ 20th November, 1880, p. 370. CHAPTER XXVIII. PUBLIC ABATTOIRS. The following is the clause of the Public Health Act 1875 which empowers an urban authority to establish public slaughter-houses (or “abattoirs“[223] as they are sometimes called) for the purposes of the district they govern: “Any urban authority may, if they think fit, provide slaughter-houses, and they shall make bye-laws with respect to the management and charges for the use of any slaughterhouses so provided. “For the purpose of enabling any urban authority to regulate slaughter-houses within their district, the provisions of the Towns Improvement Clauses Act 1847, with respect to slaughter-houses, shall be incorporated with this Act.[224] “Nothing in this section shall prejudice or affect any rights, powers, or privileges of any persons incorporated by any local Act passed before the passing of the Public Health Act 1848, for the purpose of making and maintaining slaughter-houses” (38 & 39 Vic. c. 55, s. 169). The great necessity for the establishment of one or more public slaughter-houses in any town can only fully be realised by persons who will take the trouble to inspect those which are private; they are generally placed near the shops of the butchers for the sake of convenience, the result being that they are situated in the central portions of the town and are thus surrounded by closely packed dwellings. The private slaughter house often consists of a stable or shed which has been converted into an ill-designed slaughter-house, badly paved, with imperfect drainage; they are frequently not sufficiently lighted, ventilated or drained, and are utterly unfitted for the purposes for which they are used.