Here also I might mention Gerónimo Giménez, who was born in Seville. As a boy he went to Cadiz, studying with his father and singing in the cathedral. At sixteen he conducted a performance of an opera by Petrella at Gibraltar, and in consequence became the conductor of a number of Italian opera companies touring Spain and Portugal. The Province of Cadiz granting him a pension for foreign study, he entered the Paris Conservatory under Ambroise Thomas. He also lived for a time in Milan. Returning to Spain he was engaged by Chapí, who then controlled the Teatro Apolo at Madrid, to direct the orchestra at the production of his new _El Milagro de la Virgen_. Later at the Zarzuela Theatre he conducted the first performance of Chapí's _La Bruja_. Still later he succeeded Luigi Mancinelli as conductor of the Sociedad de Conciertos in Madrid; he held this post for twelve years. He is a member of the Academia de Bellas Artes and composer of _María del Pilar_ and numerous other zarzuelas, including _Las Panderetas_, _El Baile de Luis Alonso_, _La Tempranica_, _El Húsar de la Guardia_, and _Cinematógrafo Nacional_. [Illustration: AMADEO VIVES] Other light composers who may be listed are Rafael Calleja, Enrique Brú, Alberto Foglietti, Pablo Luna, Vicente Lleó, and Arturo Saco del Valle. Of a more serious character is the music of Amadeo Vives, born at Collbato. At the age of 10 he went to Barcelona to study with his brother, a musician in a regimental band. He became an acolyte in a church and his first compositions were written under the influence of the organ music which he then heard. From Barcelona he strayed to Málaga where he became a conductor, and from there he went to Madrid where he played in churches and cafés indifferently, it would seem. At times he was even reduced to peddling on the streets and to writing musical criticism for a Barcelona paper. _Artús_ (after a Breton legend), produced in Barcelona in 1897, established his fame. He founded the celebrated Orfeó Catalá in Barcelona, afterwards directed by Millet, and his male choruses written for this organization are said to be among his best works. The list of his operas includes _Don Lucas del Cigarral_, his first attempt at the traditional classic Spanish zarzuela, produced in Madrid in 1899, _Enda d'Uriach_, for which Angel Guimerá wrote the book (Barcelona; 1900); _Colomba_ (Madrid; 1910); _Maruxa_, "égloga lírica en 2 actos" (1914); and _Tabaré_ (1914), and about thirty zarzuelas including _El Tesoro_, _El Señor Pandolfo_, and _Bohemios_.