The music of the spheres : $b A nature lover's astronomyGrondal, Florence Armstrong
Science
The music of the spheres : $b A nature lover's astronomy
Grondal, Florence Armstrong
Astronomy
The following story is often related in connection with the satellites
of Mars: Many years before the satellites were discovered, Swift, in
"Gulliver's Travels," described the little planet as having two moons,
one of which flew across the Martian sky three times a day! The thing
seemed absurd, for never during all the explorations of the solar system
had a moon been found which behaved in such an erratic fashion.
Nevertheless, in 1877. Professor Asaph Hall, of Washington, discovered
two tiny attendants to the planet of the War-god weaving "like golden
shuttles" around the Martian orb, and one of these made three
revolutions in its orbit while the planet itself turned once on its
axis! Thus the month of this surprising moon is less than eight hours
long.
This little rapid-transit moon flies only 3700 miles above the planet's
surface, and, on account of the curvature of the globe it would not be
visible beyond 69 degrees of latitude on each side of the equator. As
seen from Mars, it rises in the west and sets in the east, changing from
new to full one and a half times every night! With the constantly
recurring metamorphoses of this tiny moon, which is scarcely 7 miles in
diameter, and its most exceedingly rapid flight, it would seem
that there would be some reason in naming it Phobos (Fear), after one of
Mars' attendants. On account of its nearness to the surface of Mars,
Phobos would appear to a Martian about the same size as our moon does to
us.
The other moon, which was named Deimos (Terror), is about 14 miles in
diameter and is 12,500 miles from the planet. Its period is also very
short, being only 30 hours and 18 minutes. Since this period is only a
few hours more than the rotation period of Mars, the moon moves very
slowly across the sky, remaining continuously above the horizon of any
given place on the planet for more than 60 hours. It has been computed
that these two small moons would cause 1400 eclipses of the sun a year,
as seen from Mars. They are the smallest objects visible in the sky, as
seen from earth.
Our month of March, as well as this fiery-hued planet, was named after
the War-god. Since Tuesday was also named after the War-god, it might be
well to mention here how the other days and months obtained their names.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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