The Mute Stones Speak: The Story of Archaeology in ItalyMacKendrick, Paul Lachlan
History
The Mute Stones Speak: The Story of Archaeology in Italy
MacKendrick, Paul Lachlan
Italy -- Antiquities
The family group to the right of Drusus in Fig. 6.11 is also pregnant
with history. The shapely woman with her hand on the small boy’s
shoulder is identified as Antonia Major, Mark Antony’s daughter by
Octavia. The small boy grasping a fold of his uncle Drusus’ cloak grew
up to father the Emperor Nero. The girl to the spectator’s right
of the small boy is his sister Domitia; her father, Lucius Domitius
Ahenobarbus, later commander of the Roman army in Germany, has his hand
raised over her head. The elderly background figure with the kindly,
lined face is perhaps Maecenas, Augustus’ secretary of state for
propaganda, the patron of Vergil and Horace.
The whole atmosphere of the procession is very Italian, quite
intimate and informal, without central focus. Its members face in all
directions, and are so incorrigibly chatty that Octavia must command
silence, finger to lips. Here, in these realistic groups, are the
living likenesses of some of the men and women whose ashes later lay
in Augustus’ mausoleum, of some of the men and women who made a Golden
Age. Here are the pages of history made flesh, and here are all the
basic ideas of the Augustan program: the pretense of the revived
Republic, in the consuls and lictors; the emphasis on religion, in
the _flamines_ and the veiled Pontifex; the dynastic hopes, in little
Gaius; the subvention of literature, in Maecenas.
The east and west ends of the enclosure each contain, on either side
of the doorways, a figured panel, four in all, of which two are well
preserved. The one to the right of the main (west) entrance portrays a
grave, bearded figure (Fig. 6.13) offering sacrifices, with the aid of
two acolytes, upon a rustic altar before a small temple containing tiny
figures of the Penates as Castor and Pollux, whose connection with the
_gens Iulia_ we have already noted. The sow in the lower left corner
is the famous one with the thirty piglets, whose discovery was to tell
Aeneas where to found his city. (What purported to be the original
sow and all the piglets, pickled in brine, was on display in a Latin
town in Augustus’ age.) From the sow the inference is that the bearded
figure is Aeneas; he symbolized the past of Rome, and the ancestry of
Augustus.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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