The Mute Stones Speak: The Story of Archaeology in ItalyMacKendrick, Paul Lachlan
History
The Mute Stones Speak: The Story of Archaeology in Italy
MacKendrick, Paul Lachlan
Italy -- Antiquities
The seven slabs combine into two sections of some sixteen figures
each, almost complete (Fig. 9.9). The more fragmentary of the two
contains near its right end an instantly identifiable figure, with the
characteristic beaked profile of Vespasian (Fig. 9.10). He is greeting
a young man, surely one of his sons. Comparison with known portraits
of Titus and Domitian leads to the conclusion that it is the latter
who is represented here. The greeting is taking place in the presence
of lictors, Vestals (identified from their characteristic headdress),
_apparitores_ or beadles (at either end), a helmeted female figure (the
goddess Roma or, according to others, the war-goddess Bellona, or the
personification of martial courage), and two male figures, one bearded
(the Genius of the Senate), and one beardless, with a cornucopia
(the Genius of the Roman People). The other section is at once more
complete, more difficult to interpret, and more interesting. Several
of the conventional figures recur: the lictors, Roma, the two _Genii_.
There are also six soldiers (in the uniform and with the arms of the
praetorian guard); the wing of a Victory; a helmeted female wearing
the _aegis_, the characteristic breastplate of Minerva; the helmeted,
bearded male figure beside her must be another divinity, Mars. The
remaining figure, the first on the second slab from the left (see Fig.
9.11), is rendered in profile, and is clearly intended as a portrait,
but close examination, by Dr. F. Magi, Director of the Vatican
Museums, shows that it was reworked in antiquity.
[Illustration: FIG. 9.10 Vatican City. Cancelleria reliefs. Detail of
head of Vespasian. (Musei Vaticani)]
[Illustration: FIG. 9.11 Vatican City. Cancelleria reliefs. Detail
showing how head of Domitian was transformed into that of Nerva. (Musei
Vaticani)]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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