They appear to have been brought over to England in the time of Henry VIII., and met with ready purchasers, it being pretended that they would, with the assistance of certain mystic words, be able to increase whatever money was placed near them. These roots were said to have been taken from plants which had grown underneath gibbets, and had been influenced by the flesh of the criminals hung thereon. It is singular how the willow has ever been associated with sorrow and sadness, even from the time the daughters of Israel hung their harps on its branches. Among heathen nations the tree was regarded as an evil omen, and was used as torches at funerals. “The early poets,” says Johns, “made the willow of despairing woe,” and Shakespeare frequently alludes to it as being used to weave garlands for jilted and sorrow-stricken lovers. Benedick says:— “I offered him my company to a willow tree, either to make him a garland, as being forsaken, or to bind him up a rod as being worthy to be whipped”. And Bona, in _Henry VI._, remarks:— “Tell him, in hope he’ll prove a widower shortly, I’ll wear the willow garland for his sake”. It seems to have been customary to wear it twined round the head as a symbol of sorrow and mourning, but the origin of the custom is unknown. A peculiar virtue was supposed to be attached to the eating of almonds, which is still believed in some parts of the country, _viz._, that it protects the eater from drunkenness. Gerard says, “Five or six being taken fasting keepe a man from being drunke”. The pretty flower called the bachelor’s button, which is common in our hedgerows, is said to possess the following peculiar property of divination. “When carried in the pocket by men, and under the apron by women, it will retain or lose its freshness according to the good or bad success of the wearer’s amatory prospects.” A considerable amount of romantic lore lingers about the bean and nut. The bean was regarded with veneration by both the Greeks and Romans, and on account of its sacred associations became the instrument for voting by ballot in early times. Nuts of various kinds have long been associated with certain love charms, and some of these old customs, such as the cracking of nuts, still survive and are practised on All Hallow Eve. An old charm for nut-testing runs as follows:— “Two hazel nuts I threw into the flame, And to each nut I gave a sweetheart’s name; _This_ with the loudest bounce me sore amazed, _That_ in a flame of brightest colour blazed; As blazed the nut, so may thy passion glow, For ’twas _thy_ nut that did so brightly glow”. There is an old tradition that the white hawthorn was used to plait the sacred crown of thorns, and that from that time the tree was endowed with special virtues. An old writer says: “He that beareth a branch on hym thereof, no thundre, ne, no maner of tempest may dere hym; ne, in the howse that it is ynne may none evil ghost enter”.