“The cordial julep, of which there was a large pint bottle, was pleasant, but the effect not apparent. The glister extraordinary effective and good. White powder, supposed to be sal prunella, assuaged the thirst. The oiled sugar, with the spirits ptisanne, besides the extreme dearness, was almost wholly useless, in regard that the patient being much in the mending hand when they were sent unto him. He sent back to the doctor about seven-eighths of the oiled sugar, and yet he paid for the whole. The oil of sweet almonds, of which seven or eight drops were taken in a bolus of white sugar-candy, frequently helped the breast made very sore by coughing.” [Illustration: AN APOTHECARY. From a drawing, 1641.] We subsequently learn that the good old cavalier was at length cured of his ailments, which he certainly ought to have been from the multiplicity of the remedies employed. Many of the forms in which medicine was administered in those days have entirely gone out of use, and others we have still with us. Another example of the apothecary’s bill appears in the appendix to the _Eleventh Report of the Historical Manuscripts’ Commission_, among the transcripts of the manuscripts of the Marquess Townshend. There is one, dated 24th June, 1619, of a paper endorsed “The Apothycarie’s bill,” Sir Roger Townshend’s account, which contains the following items:— _s._ _d._ “Grene ginger” 7 0 Tabacco 2 0 Grene ginger 8 0 A masse of pills 5 0 An electuarye 3 6 Under the name of Mr. Stanhope Townshend, 12th September, 1618, are:— _s._ _d._ “A clyster” 3 4 A julep 3 0 A cordiall with behoardston 3 0 The cordiall julep 3 0 Hearbs for brothe 0 4 Rose water 0 6 A suppositorye 0 6 Another suppositorye 0 6 An unguent 0 3 A purge 3 0 Purgeing pills 2 6 The lohoch, the base of which consisted of honey or thick syrup, was a very favourite form of medicine for a cough, such as the lohoch demulcent, lohoch of fox’s lungs, and lohoch expectorant. The julep was another ancient form of administration much in vogue. Balsams, of divers compositions, had great repute as expectorants. William Blundell in his diary (1681) mentions: “The Elder Lady Bradshaw sent a bottle containing, as we guess, about one ounce of balsam, which in her letter she calls ‘Balsam of Sulphur’. That it must be taken morning and night, three or four drops, naked and alone in a spoon; that it must be warmed before it will drop at all, by reason its thick and clammy.” The sugared oils were simply made by triturating various essential oils with white sugar, and usually given for their carminative action.