"If we seek the most satisfactory understanding of space we shall look neither to mathematics nor Psychology but to Physics. The trend of Physics, say with such a representative as OSTWALD, is to make things the expression of force; the constitution and appearance of things are determined by dynamism; and we may best interpret space as a mode of this dynamic appearance." Space, as a mode of dynamic appearance is a slight improvement upon the old idea of a pure vacuity; for in the light of what we now know about space content much of the dignity of that view has been lost. Men now know that space is not an empty void. They know that the atmosphere fills a great deal of space. They also have extended their conception in this direction to include the ether and occultism goes further and postulates four kinds of ether--the chemical, life, light and psychographic ethers. But it does not stop here. It postulates a series of grades of finer matter than the physical which fills space and permeates its entire extent even to identification with its essential nature. [13] _Philosophical Review_, Vol. VII (1898). STANLEY continues: "Everything does not, as commonly conceived, fall into some pre-existent space convenient for it; but everything makes its own spaciousness by its own defensive and offensive force, and the totality of all appearance is space in general." According to STANLEY, not only do physical, perceptual objects, by their "offensive and defensive force" make their own space but the appearance of that in which no physical object is makes room for itself by its own dynamic force. In other words, that which we call "pure extensity" is by virtue of its dynamism the cause of its own existence. At first hand there appears to be little worthy of serious consideration in this view of STANLEY; yet, if carried to its logical conclusion, the merit of the hypothesis becomes apparent. Accordingly, interstellar distances which are commonly said to be even without air or life of any kind are really an appearance possessed of a dynamism peculiar to itself. And this very force-appearance, constituting space, is that which makes it perceivable. For instance, let us say the space that exists between the earth and the moon, is not really empty nor does it have an existence prior to itself, but is a mode of dynamic appearance which is the cause of its own existence. Its dynamic character makes it to appear perceptible to our senses. Logically, if the dynamism were removed there would remain neither space nor the appearance of space. If this were true, and it is worthy of serious thought, then space is certainly finite, as in its totality, according to STANLEY'S view, it would have to be regarded as a "phenomenon of the inner and finite life of the infinite."