We find the gods of the older generation standing in the same position with regard to Arthur in Geoffrey’s “History” as they do in the later Welsh triads and tales. Though rulers, they are yet his vassals. In “three brothers of royal blood”, called Lot, Urian, and Augusel, who are represented as having been chiefs in the north, we may discern Lludd, Urien, and Arawn. To these three Arthur restored “the rights of their ancestors”, handing over the semi-sovereignty of Scotland to Augusel, giving Urian the government of Murief (Moray), and re-establishing Lot “in the consulship of Loudonesia (Lothian), and the other provinces belonging to him”.[528] Two other rulers subject to him are Gunvasius, King of the Orkneys, and Malvasius, King of Iceland,[529] in whom we recognize Gwyn, under Latinized forms of his Welsh name Gwynwas and his Cornish name Melwas. But it is characteristic of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s loose hold upon his materials that, not content with having connected several of these gods with Arthur’s period, he further endows them with reigns of their own. “Urien” was Arthur’s vassal, but “Urianus” was himself King of Britain centuries before Arthur was born.[530] Lud (that is, Lludd) succeeded his father Beli.[531] We hear nothing of his silver hand, but we learn that he was “famous for the building of cities, and for rebuilding the walls of Trinovantum[532], which he also surrounded with innumerable towers ... and though he had many other cities, yet he loved this above them all, and resided in it the greater part of the year; for which reason it was afterwards called Kaerlud, and by the corruption of the word, Caerlondon; and again by change of languages, in process of time, London; as also by foreigners who arrived here, and reduced this country under their subjection, it was called Londres. At last, when he was dead, his body was buried by the gate which to this time is called in the British tongue after his name Parthlud, and in the Saxon, Ludesgata.” He was succeeded by his brother, Cassibellawn (Cassivelaunus), during whose reign Julius Caesar first invaded Britain.