The Myths of the North American IndiansSpence, Lewis
History
The Myths of the North American Indians
Spence, Lewis
Indian mythology -- North America; Indians of North America -- Folklore
Among the Iroquois we find a similar myth. It tells of two brothers,
Ioskeha and Tawiscara, or the White One and the Dark One, twins, whose
grandmother was the moon. When they grew up they quarrelled violently
with one another, and finally came to blows, Ioskeha took as his weapon
the horns of a stag, while Tawiscara seized a wild rose to defend
himself. The latter proved but a puny weapon, and, sorely wounded,
Tawiscara turned to fly. The drops of blood which fell from him became
flint stones. Ioskeha later built for himself a lodge in the far east,
and became the father of mankind and principal deity of the Iroquois,
slaying the monsters which infested the earth, stocking the woods with
game, teaching the Indians how to grow crops and make fires, and
instructing them in many of the other arts of life. This myth appears
to have been accepted later by the Mohawks and Tuscaroras.
Awonawilona
We have already alluded in the Zuñi creation-myth to the native deity
Awonawilona. This god stands out as one of the most perfect examples
of deity in its constructive aspect to be found in the mythologies of
America. He seems in some measure to be identified with the sun, and
from the remote allusions regarding him and the manner in which he is
spoken of as an architect of the universe we gather that he was not
exactly in close touch with mankind.
Ahsonnutli
Closely resembling him was Ahsonnutli, the principal deity of the
Navaho Indians of New Mexico, who was {122} regarded as the creator of
the heavens and earth. He was supposed to have placed twelve men at
each of the cardinal points to uphold the heavens. He was believed to
possess the qualities of both sexes, and is entitled the Turquoise
Man-woman.
Atius Tiráwa
Atius Tiráwa was the great god of the Pawnees. He also was a creative
deity, and ordered the courses of the sun, moon, and stars. As known
to-day he is regarded as omnipotent and intangible; but how far this
conception of him has been coloured by missionary influence it would be
difficult to say. We find, however, in other Indian mythologies which
we know have not been sophisticated by Christian belief many references
to deities who possess such attributes, and there is no reason why we
should infer that Atius Tiráwa is any other than a purely aboriginal
conception.
Esaugetuh Emissee
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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