The National Geographic Magazine, Vol. I., No. 2, April, 1889Various
History
The National Geographic Magazine, Vol. I., No. 2, April, 1889
Various
Geography -- Periodicals
The total number of storm centers, counting one for each 5-degree
square over which the centre has been traced from the International
Simultaneous observations of 1878 to 1887, inclusive, aggregates over
forty-two thousand, an annual average of over four thousand two
hundred. Less than 1/25 of 1 per cent. of these storms occurred south
of the parallel of 10°, and only ¼ of 1 per cent. south of the parallel
of 15°. In marked contradistinction to this freedom of the equatorial
regions from storms, there is to be noted the excessive prevalence of
these phenomena between the parallels of 40° and 60°, north; in which
regions substantially two-thirds of the storms of the Northern
Hemisphere occurred; while between the parallels of 45° and 55°, north,
36 per cent. of the entire disturbances are recorded. The most
remarkable belt of storm frequency on the Northern Hemisphere is that
extending from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence westward to the extreme end
of Lake Superior, as nearly 8 per cent. of all the storms of the
Northern Hemisphere passed over this limited region; the maximum
frequency (1.2 per centum) occurring over the 5-degree square
northeastward of Lake Huron.
As regards longitudinal distribution, an unusually large proportion of
storms prevailed between the 50th meridian and 105th meridian, west; 37
per cent. or one-third of all the storms of the Northern Hemisphere
occurring within this region. A second belt of comparative storm
frequency obtains from the meridian of Greenwich eastward to the 30th
meridian; over which region 15 per cent. of the entire number of storms
occurred.
Only four hundred, or less than 9 per cent. of the entire number of
storms, entered the American continent from the Pacific ocean, while
about thirteen hundred storms, excluding the West India hurricanes,
passed eastward off of the American continent. Over nine hundred storms
entered Europe from the Atlantic ocean, of which probably four hundred
and fifty, or ten per cent. of the whole number recorded, were
developed over the Atlantic ocean. Probably not thirty storms, or less
than three per cent. of those which entered Europe from the Atlantic,
crossed over the continents of Europe and Asia to the Pacific ocean.
Fully two-thirds of the storms which enter Europe from the Atlantic are
dissipated as active storm-centres before they reach the Asiatic
frontier.
The tendency of great bodies of water, when surrounded wholly or
largely by land, to generate storms or facilitate their development, is
evident from the unusual prevalence of storms over the great lakes, the
St. Lawrence bay and the Gulf of Mexico in North America; over the
North and Baltic seas, Bay of Biscay and the Mediterranean in Europe;
the Bay of Bengal, and over the China and Okhotsk seas.
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