The National Geographic Magazine, Vol. I., No. 2, April, 1889Various
History
The National Geographic Magazine, Vol. I., No. 2, April, 1889
Various
Geography -- Periodicals
Undoubtedly a considerable proportion of these storms are drawn towards
these regions owing to the effect of evaporation upon the humidity and
temperature of the superincumbent atmosphere, so that a very
considerable proportion of the storms credited to these squares have
not originated therein, but have been drawn up from neighboring
quarters. This tendency is marked in North America, as storms pass over
the lake region and St. Lawrence valley, whether they have originated
in the Gulf of Mexico, along the central slope of the Rocky mountains
in the United States, or further north in the Saskatchewan country. In
like manner storms pass southeastward to the Mediterranean from the Bay
of Biscay, and northeastward from the Atlantic ocean to the same sea,
and then later show a very marked tendency to pass over the Black and
Caspian seas.
This tendency of storms originating in diverse sections to move toward
the lake regions in the United States, is very evident from the normal
storm-track charts for April, May, June, August, November and December.
The opinion that gales rarely, if ever, occur upon the equator is
confirmed by these storm-tracks. The most southern storm in the North
Pacific ocean, developed in July, 1880, between the Island of Borneo
and Mindanao, an excellent account of which is given by Père Mark
Dechevrens, S. J., in the Bulletin Mensuelle of Zi-Ka-Wei Observatory.
The most southern storm over the North Atlantic ocean, in November,
1878, was remarkable for its origin, duration, length of its path, and
its enormous destruction of life and property. It was central on the
1st, as a violent tropical hurricane near Trinidad, the barometer being
29.05, the lowest ever recorded there, and, from its intensity and
velocity, it is more than probable that it originated considerably to
the eastward, and possibly somewhat to the southward of that island.
The storm was described in the U. S. Monthly Weather Review for
September, 1878.
The writer looks with considerable interest to the results which may
follow from a discussion of the annual fluctuation of the atmospheric
pressure as shown by the mean monthly pressures deduced from the ten
years' International observations. As far as these means have been
examined they show that the periodicity of atmospheric pressure is
largely in accord with the results set forth in 1885 in The Report of
the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition. The conviction expressed in that year
is still adhered to--that, at no distant day, the general laws of
atmospheric changes will be formulated, and that later, from abnormal
_barometric departures_ in remote regions may be predicted the general
character of seasons in countries favorably located.
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