The National Geographic Magazine, Vol. I., No. 3, July, 1889Various
Science
The National Geographic Magazine, Vol. I., No. 3, July, 1889
Various
Geography -- Periodicals
paired gaps in the opposite walls of a breached anticline is manifestly
a direct sequence of the development of the Juniata headwaters. The
settling down of the main Juniata on Jack's mountain anticline below
Huntingdon is another case of the same kind, in which the relatively
low anticlinal crest is as yet not widely breached; the gaps below
Bedford stand apart, as the crest is there higher, and hence wider
opened; and the gaps below Tyrone are separated by some ten or twelve
miles.
When the headwater streams captured the drainage of the Siluro-Devonian
monocline on the western side of the ancient dividing anticline, they
developed subsequent rectangular branches growing like a well-trained
grape vine. Most of this valley has been acquired by the west branch of
the Susquehanna, probably because it traversed the Medina beds less
often than the Juniata. For the same reason, it may be, the West Branch
has captured a considerable area of plateau drainage that must have
once belonged to the Ohio, while the Juniata has none of it; but if so,
the capture must have been before the Tertiary cycle, for since that
time the ability of the West Branch and of the Juniata as regards such
capture appears about alike. On the other hand, Castleman's river, a
branch of the Monongahela, still retains the drainage of a small bit of
the Siluro-Devonian monocline, at the southern border of the State,
where the Juniata headwaters had the least opportunity to capture it;
but the change here is probably only retarded, not prevented entirely;
the Juniata will some day push the divide even here back to the
Alleghany Front, the frontal bluff of the plateau.
[Illustration: FIG. 26.]
40. _Other examples of adjustments_.--Other examples of small
adjustments are found around the Wyoming basin, fig. 26. Originally all
these streams ran centripetally down the enclosing slopes, and in such
locations they must have cut gullies and breaches in the hard
Carboniferous beds and opened low back country on the weaker Devonians.
Some of the existing streams still do so, and these are precisely the
ones that are not easily reached by divertors. The Susquehanna in its
course outside of the basin has sent out branches that have beheaded
all the centripetal streams within reach; where the same river enters
the basin, the centripetal streams have been shortened if not
completely beheaded. A branch of the Delaware has captured the heads of
some of the streams near the eastern end of the basin. Elsewhere, the
centripetal streams still exist of good length. The contrast between
the persistence of some of the centripetal streams here and their
peripheral diversion around Broad Top is a consequence of the
difference of altitude of the old lake bottoms in the two cases. It is
not to be doubted that we shall become acquainted with many examples of
this kind as our intimacy with rivers increases.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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