They recovered, however, after a time, and resumed their career of conquest. ‘To-day,’ said Dr. Steele’s informant, in 1893, ‘they are the masters of the Tambuka, Tonga, Chewa, Bisa, and Senga. There is no chief of the Tambuka, but the Ngoni alone. The records of these wars and migrations are necessarily very imperfect. They serve, however, to explain the great mixture of types which attentive observation shows us in most tribes of the Bantu race. Probably, if we may judge by analogy from similar processes in the past, the ultimate result will be the building up of several distinct nationalities, each with a well-marked type of its own, and institutions modified by so much of European culture as they can receive and assimilate. But such speculation belongs to the future. Our business here is only with the present, and our attempt has been to give some notion of these people as they now are, or (in cases where they have been influenced by contact with Europeans) as they were until lately. NOTE.—It appears that there were really two Zulu migrations, the second one led by Ngola, Chekusi’s predecessor. It was the latter who fought with Mpezeni’s people, as stated on page 281, and Champiti’s account must probably be taken to refer to them. It seems that at one time they even reached the sea at Mozambique. FOOTNOTES [1] Sir H. H. Johnston, _British Central Africa_, p. 355. [2] Sir H. H. Johnston. [3] Livingstone, _The Zambezi and its Tributaries_, p. 198. [4] _Du Zambèze au Congo Français_, p. 106. [5] See Moffat’s _Missionary Labours and Scenes in Southern Africa_. [6] Sir H. H. Johnston includes the Anyika among the Batumbuka, but Dr. Elmslie says that the latter ‘have their teeth pointed.’ [7] Sir H. H. Johnston. [8] This idea was suggested to me some years ago by Miss J. E. Harrison. [9] Yao form of the name Anyanja. [10] It has been derived from a word meaning ‘to nourish,’ but the above seems more probable. [11] This is the principal tree used for making bark-cloth. Livingstone says, ‘It is a sacred tree all over Africa and India’; and I learn from M. Auguste Chevalier that it is found in every village of Senegal and French Guinea, and looked on as ‘a fetich tree.’ [12] Like the Zulu _isanusi_, who is a person of nervous, hysterical temperament to begin with, and goes through a course of training calculated to develop any ‘psychic’ gifts he or she may possess. [13] ‘They have the firmest belief possible in ghosts, and will tell long circumstantial stories about the “spooks” they have seen—prosaic stories usually connected with daylight, as where a woman declares that while winnowing or pounding corn in the noontide, she looked out in the courtyard and saw the spirit of So-and-So passing along, looking exactly as though he were alive.’—Sir H. H. Johnston, _British Central Africa_, p. 449.