The natives of British Central AfricaWerner, Alice
History
The natives of British Central Africa
Werner, Alice
Ethnology -- Malawi; Malawi -- Description and travel; Malawi -- Social conditions
The feast (if it can be so-called) mentioned above as constituting the
marriage ceremony is sometimes (or used to be) celebrated in a more
elaborate form. In this case, it was the _entering the house_, as soon as
it was finished, which was held to constitute the act of marriage. The
woman would bring with her pots, baskets, a sleeping-mat, and some flour
to cook the first meal with. The man would contribute an axe and a hoe to
the common outfit. One of his wife’s first duties is to plaster the house
he has built, though this will not always be needed. The meeting at which
what we may call the marriage-contract is drawn up, takes place some time
later; perhaps not till the first produce of their new garden is ready.
The wife’s surety is said to ‘come to settle her’ in her home.
She prepares two pots of beer for her husband’s surety or sureties and
two for her own. The former contribute a cock to the banquet, the latter
a laying hen. Both then lay down certain rules for the behaviour of the
young couple, warning the wife against unfaithfulness, and binding both
to resort to the diviner in case of illness or other trouble.
[Illustration: WOMEN POUNDING MAIZE IN YAO VILLAGE
Note the cooking-stones and pots in the foreground; also the square house
(cf. p. 144)]
The division of labour between husband and wife varies a good deal
according to local circumstances. Where the husband goes away with
trading caravans, or on hunting expeditions, or works on a plantation, or
as a _tenga-tenga_ man (carrier), or where he is liable to be summoned
away for weeks at a time (as he was under the Angoni and Makololo) to
work for the chief, the field-work, of course, falls on the wife.
This we shall describe more fully when treating of Agriculture. She
also has to go to the bush to cut firewood, and to the stream or well
for water; to plaster the floor and walls of the house with mud (which
looks like grey stucco when dry); to fetch in supplies of food from
the gardens, to pound and husk the grain, and to do the cooking. I
have only once seen a man pounding at a mortar; this was a Ngoni who
lived temporarily in one of the Blantyre villages, while working on a
plantation, and, no doubt, he was lending a hand with the pounding by way
of payment for his board.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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