The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 1 (of 6)Pliny, the Elder
History
The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 1 (of 6)
Pliny, the Elder
Natural history -- Pre-Linnean works
The country which extends from the Bætis to the river Anas, beyond the
districts already described, is called Bæturia, and is divided into two
parts and the same number of nations; the Celtici[917], who border upon
Lusitania, in the jurisdiction of Hispalis, and the Turduli, who dwell
on the verge[918] of Lusitania and Tarraconensis, and are under the
protection of the laws of Corduba. It is evident that the Celtici have
sprung from the Celtiberi, and have come from Lusitania, from their
religious rites, their language, and the names of their towns, which
in Bætica are distinguished by the following epithets[919], which have
been given to them. Seria has received the surname of Fama Julia[920],
Nertobriga that of Concordia Julia[921], Segida that of Restituta
Julia[922], and Contributa[923] that of Julia. What is now Curiga
was formerly Ucultuniacum, Constantia Julia[924] was Laconimurgis,
the present Fortunales were the Tereses[925], and the Emanici were
the Callenses[926]. Besides these, there are in Celtica the towns of
Acinippo[927], Arunda[928], Aruci[929], Turobriga, Lastigi, Salpesa,
Sæpone, and Serippo.
The other Bæturia, which we have mentioned, is inhabited by the
Turduli, and, in the jurisdiction of Corduba, has some towns which are
by no means inconsiderable; Arsa[930], Mellaria[931], Mirobriga[932],
and Sisapo[933], in the district of Osintias.
To the jurisdiction of Gades belongs Regina, with Roman citizens; and
Læpia, Ulia[934], Carisa[935] surnamed Aurelia, Urgia[936] or Castrum
Julium, likewise called Cæsaris Salutariensis, all of which enjoy the
Latian rights. The tributary towns are Besaro, Belippo[937], Barbesula,
Lacippo, Bæsippo, Callet, Cappacum, Oleastro, Ituci, Brana, Lacibi,
Saguntia[938], and Audorisæ.
M. Agrippa has also stated the whole length of this province to be
475 miles[939], and its breadth 257; but this was at a time when its
boundaries extended to Carthage[940], a circumstance which has often
caused great errors in calculations; which are generally the result
either of changes effected in the limits of provinces, or of the fact
that in the reckoning of distances the length of the miles has been
arbitrarily increased or diminished. In some parts too the sea has been
long making encroachments upon the land, and in others again the shores
have advanced; while the course of rivers in this place has become more
serpentine, in that more direct. And then, besides, some writers begin
their measurements at one place, and some at another, and so proceed
in different directions; and hence the result is, that no two accounts
agree.
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