To the jurisdiction of Clunia[1034] the Varduli contribute fourteen nations, of whom we need only particularize the Albanenses[1035], the Turmodigi[1036], consisting of four tribes, among which are the Segisamonenses[1037] and the Segisamaiulienses. To the same jurisdiction belong the Carietes[1038] and the Vennenses with five states, among which are the Velienses. Thither too resort the Pelendones of the Celtiberians, in four different nations, among whom the Numantini[1039] were especially famous. Also, among the eighteen states of the Vaccæi, there are the Intercatienses[1040], the Pallantini[1041], the Lacobrigenses, and the Caucenses[1042]. But among the seven peoples belonging to the Cantabri, Juliobriga[1043] is the only place worthy of mention; and of the ten states of the Autrigones, Tritium and Virovesca[1044]. The river Areva[1045] gives its name to the Arevaci; of whom there are six towns, Segontia[1046] and Uxama[1047], names which are frequently given to other places, as also Segovia[1048] and Nova Augusta, Termes[1049], and Clunia itself, the frontier of Celtiberia. The remaining portion turns off towards the ocean, being occupied by the Varduli, already mentioned, and the Cantabri. Next upon these touch the twenty-two nations of the Astures, who are divided into the Augustani[1050] and the Transmontani, with the magnificent city of Asturica. Among these we have the Cigurri[1051], the Pæsici, the Lancienses[1052], and the Zoëlæ[1053]. The total number of the free population amounts to 240,000 persons. The jurisdiction of Lucus[1054] embraces, besides the Celtici and the Lebuni, sixteen different nations, but little known and with barbarous names. The number however of the free population amounts to nearly 166,000. In a similar manner the twenty-four states of the jurisdiction of the Bracari contain a population of 175,000, among whom, besides the Bracari[1055] themselves, we may mention, without wearying the reader, the Bibali, the Cœlerni, the Gallæci, the Hequæsi, the Limici, and the Querquerni. The length of the Nearer Spain, from the Pyrenees to the frontier of Castulo, is 607[1056] miles, and a little more if we follow the line of the coast; while its breadth, from Tarraco to the shore of Olarson[1057], is 307[1058] miles. From the foot of the Pyrenees, where it is wedged in by the near approach of the two seas, it gradually expands until it touches the Farther Spain, and thereby acquires a width more than double[1059]. Nearly the whole of Spain abounds in mines[1060] of lead, iron, copper, silver, and gold; in the Nearer Spain there is also found lapis specularis[1061]; in Bætica there is cinnabar. There are also quarries of marble. The Emperor Vespasianus Augustus, while still harassed by the storms that agitated the Roman state, conferred the Latian rights on the whole of Spain. The Pyrenean mountains divide Spain from Gaul, their extremities projecting into the two seas on either side.