the Blind,” from the circumstance that its founders did not know where to build their city, Byzantium being only seven stadia distant, a site which is preferable in every respect. In the interior of Bithynia are the colony of Apamea[4344], the Agrippenses, the Juliopolitæ, and Bithynion[4345]; the rivers Syrium, Laphias, Pharnacias, Alces, Serinis, Lilæus, Scopius, and Hieras[4346], which separates Bithynia from Galatia. Beyond Chalcedon formerly stood Chrysopolis[4347], and then Nicopolis, of which the gulf, upon which stands the Port of Amycus[4348], still retains the name; then the Promontory of Naulochum, and Estiæ[4349], a temple of Neptune[4350]. We then come to the Bosporus, which again separates Asia from Europe, the distance across being half a mile; it is distant twelve miles and a half from Chalcedon. The first entrance of this strait is eight miles and three-quarters wide, at the place where the town of Spiropolis[4351] formerly stood. The Thyni occupy the whole of the coast, the Bithyni the interior. This is the termination of Asia, and of the 282 peoples, that are to be found between the Gulf of Lycia[4352] and this spot. We have already[4353] mentioned the length of the Hellespont and Propontis to the Thracian Bosporus as being 239 miles; from Chalcedon to Sigeum, Isidorus makes the distance 322-1/2. CHAP. 44.—THE ISLANDS OF THE PROPONTIS. The islands of the Propontis are, before Cyzicus, Elaphonnesus[4354], from whence comes the Cyzican marble; it is also known by the names of Neuris and Proconnesus. Next come Ophiussa[4355], Acanthus, Phœbe, Scopelos, Porphyrione, Halone[4356], with a city of that name, Delphacia, Polydora, and Artaceon, with its city. There is also, opposite to Nicomedia, Demonnesos[4357]; and, beyond Heraclea, and opposite to Bithynia, the island of Thynias, by the barbarians called Bithynia; the island of Antiochia: and, at the mouth of the Rhyndacus, Besbicos[4358], eighteen miles in circumference; the islands also of Elæa, the two called Rhodussæ, and those of Erebinthus[4359], Megale, Chalcitis[4360], and Pityodes[4361]. SUMMARY.—Towns and nations spoken of ****. Noted rivers ****. Famous mountains ****. Islands, 118 in number. People or towns no longer in existence ****. Remarkable events, narratives, and observations ****. ROMAN AUTHORS QUOTED.—Agrippa[4362], Suetonius Paulinus[4363], M. Varro[4364], Varro Atacinus[4365], Cornelius Nepos[4366], Hyginus[4367], L. Vetus[4368], Mela[4369], Domitius Corbulo[4370], Licinius Mucianus[4371], Claudius Cæsar[4372], Arruntius[4373], Livius the Son[4374], Sebosus[4375], the Register of the Triumphs[4376]. * * * * *