CHAP. 22.—THE MODE OF MAKING PAPER. Papyrus grows either in the marshes of Egypt, or in the sluggish waters of the river Nile, when they have overflowed and are lying stagnant, in pools that do not exceed a couple of cubits in depth. The root lies obliquely,[875] and is about the thickness of one’s arm; the section of the stalk is triangular, and it tapers gracefully upwards towards the extremity, being not more than ten cubits at most in height. Very much like a thyrsus[876] in shape, it has a head on the top, which has no seed[877] in it, and, indeed, is of no use whatever, except as a flower employed to crown the statues of the gods. The natives use the roots by way of wood, not only for firing, but for various other domestic purposes as well. From the papyrus itself they construct boats[878] also, and of the outer coat they make sails and mats, as well as cloths, besides coverlets and ropes; they chew it also, both raw and boiled, though they swallow the juice only. The papyrus grows in Syria also, on the borders of the same lake around which grows the sweet-scented calamus;[879] and King Antiochus used to employ the productions of that country solely as cordage for naval purposes; for the use of spartum[880] had not then become commonly known. More recently it has been understood that a papyrus grows in the river Euphrates, in the vicinity of Babylon, from which a similar kind of paper may easily be produced: still, however, up to the present time the Parthians have preferred to impress[881] their characters upon cloths. CHAP. 23. (12)—THE NINE DIFFERENT KINDS OF PAPER.