The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 6 (of 6)Pliny, the Elder
History
The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 6 (of 6)
Pliny, the Elder
Natural history -- Pre-Linnean works
We behold with admiration pyramids that were built by kings, when the
very ground alone, that was purchased by the Dictator Cæsar, for the
construction of his Forum, cost one hundred millions of sesterces! If,
too, an enormous expenditure has its attractions for any one whose mind
is influenced by monetary considerations, be it known to him that the
house in which Clodius dwelt, who was slain by Milo, was purchased by
him at the price of fourteen million eight hundred thousand sesterces!
a thing that, for my part, I look upon as no less astounding than the
monstrous follies that have been displayed by kings. And then, as
to Milo himself, the sums in which he was indebted, amounted to no
less than seventy millions of sesterces; a state of things, to be
considered, in my opinion, as one of the most portentous phænomena in
the history of the human mind. But it was in those days, too, that
old men still spoke in admiration of the vast proportions of the
Agger,[2627] and of the enormous foundations of the Capitol; of the
public sewers, too, a work more stupendous than any; as mountains had
to be pierced for their construction, and, like the hanging city[2628]
which we recently mentioned, navigation had to be carried on beneath
Rome; an event which happened in the ædileship[2629] of M. Agrippa,
after he had filled the office of consul.
For this purpose, there are seven rivers, made, by artificial
channels, to flow beneath the city. Rushing onward, like so many
impetuous torrents, they are compelled to carry off and sweep away all
the sewerage; and swollen as they are by the vast accession of the
pluvial waters, they reverberate against the sides and bottom of their
channels. Occasionally, too, the Tiber, overflowing, is thrown backward
in its course, and discharges itself by these outlets: obstinate is
the contest that ensues within between the meeting tides, but so firm
and solid is the masonry, that it is enabled to offer an effectual
resistance. Enormous as are the accumulations that are carried along
above, the work of the channels never gives way. Houses falling
spontaneously to ruins, or levelled with the ground by conflagrations,
are continually battering against them; the ground, too, is shaken by
earthquakes every now and then; and yet, built as they were in the days
of Tarquinius Priscus, seven hundred years ago, these constructions
have survived, all but unharmed. We must not omit, too, to mention
one remarkable circumstance, and all the more remarkable from the
fact, that the most celebrated historians have omitted to mention it.
Tarquinius Priscus having commenced the sewers, and set the lower
classes to work upon them, the laboriousness and prolonged duration
of the employment became equally an object of dread to them; and the
consequence was, that suicide was a thing of common occurrence, the
citizens adopting this method of escaping their troubles. For this
evil, however, the king devised a singular remedy, and one that has
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