Concerning this it may be said that the ocean on one side is hardly a more definite boundary than the Rocky Mountains on the other, so truly do they, as a physical division, coincide with the ethnological one,--at least for the parts between the Athabaskans and Paducas. The climate of the area may be measured by the fact of its containing Florida on the South, and Labrador on the North, the coasts of the Gulf of Mexico, and the coasts of Hudson's Bay. The east-and-west conditions are less self-evident; the two most important differences being that between the parts east, and that between the parts west of the Mississippi. Speaking roughly, the former is the country of the forest, the latter of the prairie; the former the seat of an incomplete agriculture, the latter the range of the buffalo. The divisions of the American population that occupy, or occupied, this area, are of unascertained value; I shall give them, in the first instance, nearly according to the classification and nomenclature of Gallatin's standard dissertation in the Archæologia Americana. Some of these will be large, some small; some like the Turk, some like the Dioscurian; phænomena for which we are now prepared. The first in the list, single handed, takes up more than half the whole area. ALGONKINS. _Synonyms._--Lenapian, Wapanachki=_men of the east_. This is said by Heckewelder to have been their national and collective name. Probably, however, it was so only for the tribes on the Atlantic. _Distribution._--East and west from the Rocky Mountains to Newfoundland; north and south, from Labrador to the Carolinas. Breadth greatest in its northern part, decreasing towards the south. _Area._--Newfoundland, part of Labrador, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Upper and Lower Canada, New Brunswick, south-eastern part of the Hudson's Bay territory, the boundary line between British North America and the United States, the north-western part of the Missouri territory, part of the Wisconsin territory, parts of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, &c., the New England States, Virginia, Kentucky(?), North Carolina. _Divisions._--_a._ Bethucks. _b._ Central Algonkins. _c._ Shiennes. _d._ Blackfoots. Classification provisional. _a._ _Bethucks._--Locality Newfoundland. Probably extinct. Not hitherto recognised as Algonkin. _b._ _Central Algonkins._--1. _The Crees_, _Knisteneaux_, _Klisteno_, or _Kilistheno_. Native name, _Nĕhethowuck_=_exact people_. Situation, the river-system of the rivers Nelson, Salmon, and Albany, falling into Hudson's Bay. 2. _Ojibways_, on the south and west sides of Lake Superior, south of the Crees. 3. _Algonkins Proper._ 4. _Nipissing._--Closely allied tribes on the sides of the Lake of the Two Mountains, in the district of Montreal.