9. _The Bocootawwonaukes._--So called by the Powhattans, situated to the north-east of the Falls, and said to smelt copper and other metals. 10, 11, 12.--_Indians of the Rappahannock._--In the high-country at its head-waters the Mannahoacks, the Cuttatawoman(?), the Nandtaughtacund; these last numbering 150 men. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21.--_Indians of the Potomack._--The Wighcocomoco with 100 fighting men; the Cekakawwon with 30; the Onawmament with 100; the Satawomeck with 160; the Taxenent with 40; the Potapoco with 20; the Pamacoack with 60; the Moyoones with 100; and, lastly, Nacothtank with 80. 22, 23, 24.--_Indians of the Pawtuxunt._--The Aquintanacsuck, the Pawtuxunt, and Mattapament. Number of fighting men about 200. Besides the following are mentioned as surrounding the Powhattan's territories-- 1. The _Chawonocks_, bounded on the north by 2. The _Mangoangs_. 3. The _Mannohocks_ conterminous with the Mannoacks. 4. The _Acquanachuk_. 5. The _Tockwoghs_. 6. The _Nuskarawaok_. Of all these there is the special evidence of Strachey, from Captain Smith, that none understand each other except by interpreters; an observation which applies to the Monacans and Susquehannas as well. Besides these names we collect from the map the additional ones of the (1) _Massawomecks_, and (2) _Kuskarawaoks_. Some of these spread northward, and represented part of the population of the Northern States (which, however, was chiefly Minsi), just as some of the Carolina tribes reached into Florida. Still, the great number of sub-divisions, for comparatively small areas, constitutes one of the difficulties of American ethnology. For none of these lost families do we possess vocabularies; so that, although from external evidence we are sometimes able to give them an ethnological position, the evidence is not conclusive. That conclusive evidence is necessary, and that we can by no means at once assume any given tribe to be Algonkin, simply because it is within the Algonkin area, is well known to every investigator for these parts. Again, not only have whole tribes become extinct since the settlement of Europeans, but at the very beginning of the American historical period, tribes were found mutually exterminating each other. The empire of Powhattan was founded upon the annihilation of some tribes, and the incorporation of others. The Huron Iroquois were nearly extinguished by the Five Nations. The Mandans, within the last decennium, after being thinned and weakened by the small-pox, were, as a separate tribe, destroyed by the Sioux, who incorporated with themselves those who were not killed in the attack. The Catawbas and Waxas are said to have flattened the head. THE CHEROKEES. _Locality._--Valley of the Tennessee River. _Conterminous_ with the Southern Algonkins, the Southern Iroquois, the Catawbas, and the Choctahs.