_Conterminous._--_a._ On the north with the Tototune(?), Shasti(?), Palaiks(?), Lutuami, Molele(?) Wailatpu, Sahaptins, Sioux (chiefly Upsarokas), Pawnees, Sioux (chiefly Osages), Towiach, and the _non_-Paduca Indians of Texas. _b._ On the south, with the _non_-Paduca Indians of California and Mexico. _Divisions._--Value undetermined.--Wihinast, Bonaks, Diggers, Utahs, Sampiches, Shoshonis, Kiaways, Kaskaias(?), Keneways(?), Bald-heads(?), Cumanches, Navahos, Apaches, Carisos. _Wihinast._--Called by Mr. Hales, Western Shoshonis, and unequivocally members of that division. Locality 45° N.L. 117° W.L., on the southern bank of the Snake or Lewis River, and conterminous with the Wailatpu. Of the Northern Paducas, these are the nearest to the Pacific, from which they are separated by the Lutuami, Umkwa and Saintskla. The evidence that the Wihinast are Shoshoni is derived from a vocabulary of their language.--_Philology of the U.S.E.E._ _Bonaks._--Classed with the Shoshonis on the strength of external evidence only.--Between them and the Wihinast. _Diggers._--Classed with the Shoshonis on the strength of external evidence only.--They are a poverty-stricken tribe of the Californian Desert, who live by _digging_ for roots. _Utahs._--Classed with the Shoshonis, &c.--Occupants of the parts about the Utah Lake. _Sampiches._--Classed with, &c.--South of the Utahs. Manner of life like that of the Diggers. _Shoshonis._--These are the Paducas which are at once the most northern and the most eastern of the group. They also are remarkable for occupying both sides of the Rocky Mountains, and are bounded on the north by the Sahaptin, and on the east by the Sioux, west by the Bonaks and Wihinast, and south by the Proper Paducas of Pike. _Kiaways_, _Kaskaias_, _Keneways_, _Bald-heads_.--Of these I know little, except that they seem to fill up the area between the Shoshonis and the-- _Cumanches._--The chief Indians of Texas.--It is the ethnological position of the Cumanches that determines the extent of the Paduca group. That the Kiaways, &c., are Cumanche is believed on external evidence, and on the _a priori_ probability. That the Cumanche are Shoshoni is believed upon external evidence by those Americans who have had means of forming an opinion, and also upon the evidence of a short MS. vocabulary of the Cumanche, with which the present writer was favoured by Mr. Bollaert, compared with an equally short one of the Shoshoni in Gallatin's Synopsis. This was in 1844;[130] since which time, although the _data_ for the Shoshoni have greatly increased, those of the Cumanche are as imperfect as ever. Still the author has but little doubt as to the truth of the opinion of the Shoshoni affinity with the Cumanche, or (changing the expression) of the common Paduca character of the two. _Navahos._--Considered Paduca, because they are stated to be akin to the--