As the Mongol character departs, the face becomes oval rather than square, the features prominent rather than flat, the beard develops itself, and the complexion becomes brunette rather than swarthy. _Conterminous._--1. Beginning at the most north-eastern point, and going round from north to south--with the Tungús. 2. Mongols 3. Tibetans. 4. Iranians (_i. e._ Persian tribes, and tribes allied to them). 5. Armenians. 6. Dioscurians (_i. e._ the tribes of Caucasus). 7. Arabians. 8. Greeks. 9. Slavonians. 10. Finns. 11. Yeniseians. 12. Samöeids. _Chief particular Divisions_--taking the round as before-- 1. _Uighurs._---On the Mongol frontier. Belonging to China. The Uighurs were the first Turks that used an alphabet. Little known. 2. _Turks of the Sandy Desert._--Conterminous with Mongolia and Tibet. _Do. Do._ 3. _Turks of Khoten, Kashgar, and Yarkend. Do. Do._ 4. _Kirghis._--Independent Tartary. The Kirghis form a portion of the population of the highest table-land in Asia--perhaps in the world--Pamer, and the source of the Oxus. 5. _Uzbeks._--The Turks of Bokhara. 6. _Turkomans._--The Persian frontier of Independent Tartary from Balk to the Caspian. Pastoral robbers. 7. _Ottoman or Osmanli._--The Turks of the Turkish Empire. 8. _Nogays._--The Turks of the parts between the Black Sea and the Caspian, north of Caucasus. 9. _Turks of the Russian Empire._--Bashkirs(?), Teptyars, Baraba, &c. With all these, although the language is Turk, there is good reason to believe that the original substratum is Finn. With the Bashkirs this is generally considered to be the case. 10. _The isolated Yakuts of the Lena._ Such is the great Turk area, the extent of which is, in itself, an ethnological study; equally remarkable for its positive and its negative peculiarities.