Now, the notice of all differences, however small, between the tribes of the Turk, and those of any other division of the human kind, is so far from being exceptionable, that it is particularly desirable. Neither is the assumption of the Turk in his most European form as a standard of comparison, rather than that of the more Mongoliform Turks, objectionable. One writer is as fully at liberty to treat all deviations from the type of a Constantinopolitan Osmanli as anomalous, as another is to apply a Mongol standard. Provided that facts are accumulated, ethnology is the gainer. It is only when the idea of the Turk type being one thing, and the Mongol another, has so far taken possession of a writer, as to make him overvalue the import of such differences, that evil arises. Then a fact which should even be expected _à priori_, becomes an anomaly; and the assumption of some extraordinary cause--generally the mixture of race--is _assumed_. I say _assumed_, because in many cases it is taken for granted, simply and solely because it will explain the phenomena. Where this is not the fact, where there are _other_ grounds for believing that intermixture has occurred, it is not only legitimate, but it is necessary to admit it. RULE.--_Intermixture of race solely for the sake of accounting for varieties of physical conformation is not to be assumed, except in extreme cases._ Practically I consider that the Mongoliform physiognomy is the rule with the Turk rather than the exception, and that the Turk of Turkey exhibits the exceptional character of his family. Both these facts are what we should expect. Ethnological affinity, as proved by language, exists in a very close degree between the Turks and the Mongolians. Common conditions of climate exist also. Either implies similarity of physical conformation. On the other hand, where the Turk is _least_ like the Mongol, we _know_ that intermixture has taken place; intermixture like that of the Circassian and Georgian blood in Europe, and that of the Persian in Asia. Hence, if I allowed myself to assume at all, I would assume an intermixture to account for the _difference_ between the Turk and Mongol--not to account for the similarity. _Extract from Burnes's description of the Uzbek chief of Kunduz._--"Moorad Beg is about fifty years of age, his stature is tall, and his features are those of a genuine Uzbek; his eyes are small to a deformity; his forehead broad and frowning; and his whole cast of countenance most repulsive."--Vol. ii. 358. _Extract from Khamikoff respecting the Uzbeks of Bokhara._--"The exterior of the Uzbeks reminds us strongly of the Moghul race, except that they have larger eyes and are somewhat handsomer; they are generally middle-sized men; the colour of their beards varies between a shade of red and dark auburn, whilst few are found with black hair."--_Translation by the Baron de Bode._ Statements of this kind might be multiplied, particularly in respect to the Uzbeks.