The nature of man : $b Studies in optimistic philosophyMetchnikoff, Elie
Philosophy
The nature of man : $b Studies in optimistic philosophy
Metchnikoff, Elie
Human beings; Human biology; Life (Biology)
It is needless to recapitulate the various animistic customs which were
in vogue among primitive peoples, and which have left marked traces
amongst nearly if not all civilised races. The details may be found in
the works of several authors, notably Tylor, Lubbock, and
Waitz-Gerland.[163] I shall mention only a few, choosing those that seem
most plain. The Turanians of Eastern Asia bury with their dead all sorts
of implements, such as axes and flints, and food, such as meat and
butter, believing that the departed will have need of these during the
long voyage in the land of the spirits. A Tasmanian, on being asked why
spears were buried with the dead, replied, as if the answer were
self-evident, “Of course for the use in combat of him who has fallen
asleep.” The Greenlanders place bows and other weapons in the tombs of
their men, and knives, needles, and other instruments for sewing are
buried with their women, in the full belief that such objects will be
useful in the other world. In the Congo region, the curious custom
exists of leaving a hole in the grave over the mouth of the dead body,
and once a month passing into this hole meat and drink.
Many races are not content to place merely inanimate objects in the
graves. The Caribbeans, believing that the human spirit after death is
carried to the kingdom of dead souls, sacrifice slaves on the tombs of
their chiefs, in order that the latter may be attended in the next
world. With the same object they bury dogs and weapons. The negroes of
the Gold Coast, at the funeral of a great man, kill women and slaves
that he may be provided for in the next world. Moreover, they bury with
him his finest apparel, his gilded fetishes, and corals and pearls, so
that the dead man may continue to make use of them.
Tylor states that such animistic conceptions occur amongst all savages
without exception. According to Herbert Spencer, if we take groups of
the human race, such as tribes, societies, and nations, we find abundant
evidence that all, or nearly all, have a belief, vague or clear, in the
resurrection of a double of the dead man. It has been suggested that the
origin of this widespread belief is the image of the departed that comes
to us in dreams. These images are taken as real visits of the dead.
In civilised races there are numerous relics of the old beliefs. The
Spaniards set bread and wine on the graves of their relatives on the
anniversaries of their deaths. The Bulgarians hold a feast of the dead
on Palm Sunday. They eat and drink well, and then leave the remains of
the banquet on the graves of their relatives that these may consume them
in the night.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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