The nature of the physical worldEddington, Arthur Stanley, Sir
Philosophy
The nature of the physical world
Eddington, Arthur Stanley, Sir
Physics -- Philosophy; Science -- Philosophy
Let us then take a leap over a precipice so that we may contemplate
Nature undisturbed. Or if that seems to you an odd way of convincing
yourself that bodies do not fall,[13] let us enter the runaway lift
again. Here nothing need be supported; our bodies, our galvanometers,
[Pg 114]
and all measuring apparatus are relieved of hammering and their
indications can be received without misgiving. The space- and
time-frame of the falling lift is the frame natural to observers who
are unsupported; and the laws of Nature determined in these favourable
circumstances should at least have not inferior status to those
established by reference to other frames.
I perform another experiment. This time I take two apples and drop
them at opposite ends of the lift. What will happen? Nothing much at
first; the apples remain poised where they were let go. But let us step
outside the lift for a moment to watch the experiment. The two apples
are pulled by gravity towards the centre of the earth. As they approach
the centre their paths converge and they will meet at the centre. Now
step back into the lift again. To a first approximation the apples
remain poised above the floor of the lift; but presently we notice that
they are drifting towards one another, and they will meet at the moment
when (according to an outside observer) the lift is passing through the
centre of the earth. Even though apples (in the lift) do not tend to
fall to the floor there is still a mystery about their behaviour; and
the Newton of the lift may yet find that the agent which guides the
stars in their courses is to be identified with the agent which plays
these tricks with apples nearer home.
It comes to this. There are both relative and absolute features about
gravitation. The feature that impresses us most is relative—relative
to a frame that has no special importance apart from the fact that it
is the one commonly used by us. This feature disappears altogether
in the frame of the man in the lift and we ought to disregard it in
any attempt to form an absolute picture of gravitation. But there
always remains something absolute, of which we must try to devise an
[Pg 115]
appropriate picture. For reasons which I shall presently explain we
find that it can be pictured as a curvature of space and time.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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