Arthur Phillip landed in a desert, obtained a footing on the land, and when he left it, left behind him a habitable country; Hunter and King followed him and held the country, though nearly every man's hand was against them, and the industrious and the virtuous among their people could be numbered by the fingers of the hand. Yet these men and their officers dotted the coast-line with their discoveries, and by what they wrought in the direction of sea exploration more than made up for what they lacked in the art of civil governing. Bligh honestly endeavoured in a blundering way to accomplish that which only the sharp lesson of his mistake made possible; Macquarie, backed by a regiment, began his administration with concessions, and continued for many years to govern the colony, chiefly for the benefit of the emancipists instead of for its officials. Whatever evils may have come of his methods, it has been said of him that "he found a garrison and a gaol, and left the broad and deep foundations of an empire." Such foundation was really laid by his successors, who encouraged the emigration of free men who presently demanded that Australia should no longer be used as a place of punishment, and its lands as a reward for felons; that it must be a British colony in the fullest and freest sense. It is to these men, marching forward upon ways cut for them by the naval pioneers, we owe the fulfilment of Phillip's prediction that "this would be the most valuable acquisition England ever made." INDEX Abbott, Captain, 144, 147, 257. Abrolhos, 11, 15, 17, 38. _Adamant_, H.M.S., 288. Adams, John, 234, 240. Addison's _Arithmetical Navigation_, 35. Admiralty Islands, 51. Adventure Bay, 223. _Alexander_, 247. All Saints, Bay of, 34. _Amazon_, 142. Anson, 51. Apia Harbour, 32. _Apollo_, 287. Arauco, 241. _Ariadne_, 76, 137. Armstrong Channel, 170. Arnhem's Land, 184; discovery of, 9, 16. _Arnhem_, 9. Ascension, 39. _Assistance_, 229. _Astrolabe_, 138. Atkin, Mr., 199, 203, 212. Atkins, Judge-Advocate, 261. Australia, 59; belief in the existence, 2; the Spanish voyages, 4; the Dutch, 6; discovery of the south coast, in 1627, 9; the first English naval expedition, 23; first use of the name, 184; condition of the navy in 1804, 293; in 1898, 294; merchant shipping trade, 295.