In valleys near the ocean, fog sometimes drifts in from the water when frost is imminent and prevents its formation. On nights with fog, contrary to the usual condition, the hillsides are always colder than the lowlands, unless the fog extends high enough to cover them. In 1891-1894 the writer, in studying the conditions under which frost forms on the cranberry bogs of Wisconsin, was impressed with the fact that the occurrence of frost on a given field depended as much on the character of the surface and its covering as it did on the temperature of the air a few feet above, one place receiving an injurious frost, another a light frost, and still another none at all, while each had the same conditions as to temperature, wind velocity and direction, and all were at the same elevation, so that the differences could not be accounted for by air drainage. In one case the marsh was cleanly cultivated and covered with sand, in another there was clean cultivation but no sand, and in still another case there was a thick growth of vegetation. As the result of a long series of observations conducted by Professor H. J. Cox, working under the directions of the writer, minimum thermometers were placed among the vines over newly sanded surfaces in two marshes, one at Cranmoor and one at Mather, Wisconsin. The locations selected for this inquiry represented the best results that could be secured from sanding, draining, and cultivating. Comparison was made at each marsh between the readings taken close to the vines of the clean part of the marsh and those taken close to the surface over the unsanded peat bog. The average lowest night temperature over the sand for the four months was 5.9° higher than over the peat at Cranmoor, and 4.2° at Mather. On one night the minimum over the surface at Cranmoor was 12° higher than over the peat, while at Mather a difference of nine degrees was recorded on another night. Through cultivation the marsh may be kept free from weeds, moss, or other rank growth, thus permitting the sun’s rays to reach the soil and increase its temperature during the day, while a growth of thick vegetation screens the soil from the sun’s rays, and there is consequently less heat in the latter soil to be given out during the hours of low temperature at night. Drainage lowers the specific heat of the soil and decreases the cooling effect of evaporation. Therefore, under sunshine, the dry soil becomes warmer than the wet and, whether or not it has a greater quantity of heat to give off at night, it has a higher temperature and therefore radiates more freely to the air above. A covering of sand likewise lowers the specific heat of the surface and thereby causes it to gain a higher temperature during the day than an unsanded surface receiving the same solar rays. It therefore radiates more rapidly at the critical time when heat is needed to prevent the temperature of vegetation from falling to the freezing point and gaining a deposit of frost.