The new air world : $b The science of meteorology simplifiedMoore, Willis L. (Willis Luther)
Science
The new air world : $b The science of meteorology simplified
Moore, Willis L. (Willis Luther)
Meteorology
On Chart 5 a line of arrows extends from the storm center westward
to Wyoming, where the storm originated. A small cross inclosed by
a circle marks its western extremity. Another cross located near
Cheyenne shows where the storm center was located twelve hours
after its origin. A third cross gives it location near Des Moines
twenty-four hours after it started eastward. It was here that we
began the study of this storm on Chart 3. A cross near Chicago
indicates the distance traveled by the center during the third twelve
hours, and Chart 5 shows its progress during the fourth twelve-hour
period. When the storm was central at Cheyenne the danger warnings
for mariners were displayed at all ports of the Great Lakes, as
the forecaster knew that in accordance with general laws the storm
must move toward the east. When it was centered at Chicago, danger
warnings were displayed on the Atlantic coast from North Carolina to
Maine, as it was known that long before the storm reached the ocean
the in-rush of wind toward the storm center would cause a dangerous
on-shore gale and the breaking of heavy seas on the shore line. All
craft that could be reached with the danger signals made safe in
port, except the great ocean liners, which are of such strength as
to safely withstand almost any storm. A special set of observations
ordered by the Washington office of the Weather Bureau from its
stations in the region of the storm, and well in advance of it, kept
the chief forecaster informed as to the progress of the cyclone,
and before the storm center reached the coast the danger signals
communicated to mariners the fact that the winds would soon shift to
northwest as the center of the disturbance passed out to sea.
The reader’s attention will now be directed to the red lines on Chart
5; they pass through places having the same temperature, but for
simplicity the readings of temperature, whereby these lines were
located, are omitted from the printed chart. Observe the line marked
40°; it passes across southern New England to western New York,
but when it reaches the center of the storm it encounters the cold
northwest winds blowing into the storm on its west side and is forced
southward to Texas.
Charts 3, 4, and 5 give a graphic history of one severe winter storm.
In summer such general storms do not often occur. They are frequent
in spring and fall, but of higher temperature and less severity than
in winter. In summer Lows drift sluggishly across the continent; the
barometer at the center of the cyclone is usually not more than two
to four tenths of an inch below the pressure of the Highs, and the
rain, instead of falling in a broad sheet, as shown by the shading of
charts 4 and 5, falls in numerous sporadic outbursts, each of which
is but a few square miles in area, their combined surfaces usually
covering only a part of the region over which passes the Low.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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