[30] Art. 76.--"It is an essential of democratic constitutions that they be difficult of amendment" (Preuss). On the other hand, such difficulties have their danger, as in 1851, when Louis Napoleon obtained a simple majority but not a two-thirds majority for an amendment; which led eventually to a _coup d'etat_ and a complete overthrow of the Constitution. [31] See Art. 169. [32] See Art. 170. [33] See Art. 171. [34] These principles were formerly mostly provided for in the German Code; though some, and they the most important, were previously only guaranteed by State Law. [35] See Art. 175. [36] Art. 109.--Equality of the sexes and abolition of titles, is of course, an innovation. [37] Art. 112.--This has no effect as against demands for extradition made under the Treaty of Versailles, in view of Art. 178, § 3. [38] Art. 124.--This repeals a provision of the Prussian Constitution that religious associations can only be incorporated by special legislation. [39] Art. 137.--This article is a much-contested compromise in which the Socialists have secured in the end a striking success over the Roman Catholic Centrum and Right. The latter entered the fight with the full intention of maintaining State Churches everywhere. Probably the set-back suffered in the South from the Communist capture of Munich reconciled them to disestablishment without disendowment. That par. 7 would give "Bolshevism" a claim to equal treatment with Protestantism is not of immediate importance. [40] See Art. 173. [41] Art. 146.--The separation of church and school effected in this and preceding articles was bitterly opposed by the Roman Catholics. Defeated in this article, they secured a respite in Art. 174 which postpones its application until further legislation. See Art. 174. [42] This chapter breaks new ground, as might be inferred from the abstract character of its provisions and constant reference to special legislation. [43] Art. 165.--An Act regulating these councils has already been introduced (Aug., 1919). For the importance of this article, see above, pp. 69, 172, 184. [44] On the strength of this clause the Government have transformed the National or Constituent Assembly into a Reichstag, without the election certainly contemplated when it was first convoked. INDEX INDEX A Adlon-Hotel, demonstrations, 208 Advertisements, as documents, 56, 79, 131 Aeroplanes, German, 91 Alsace-Lorraine, cession, 46, 150, 202, 215, 220, 223 Anhalt, 250 Army, v. Frei-Corps, Prussia, Constitution "Atrocities," v. Lichtenberg, Munich, Halle Augsburg, fighting, 143 Austria, German, union, 108, 217 _et seq._ 323 ---- and Council movement, 174 ---- and Treaty, 213, 221 Author, personal experiences v. Berlin, Halle, Munich, Brunswick, Augsburg, Bamberg, etc. B Bamberg, temporary Bavarian Capital, 109, 113 ---- visit to, 145 (v. Hoffmann, Munich) Bauer, minister, 33; premier, 211