The New South: A Chronicle of Social and Industrial EvolutionThompson, Holland
History
The New South: A Chronicle of Social and Industrial Evolution
Thompson, Holland
Southern States -- Economic conditions; Southern States -- History -- 1865-1951; Southern States -- Social conditions
The important industries have thus far been few and they have kept
rather close to the original raw material. The South does not spin all
the cotton it produces, does not weave all the yarn it spins, and does
not manufacture into clothing any considerable quantity of the cloth it
weaves. The greater part of both yarn and cloth is coarse, though some
mills do finer work. Little bleaching or printing, however, is done. The
South is a land of curious economic contrasts. It produces sugar but
buys confectionery. It produces immense quantities of lumber but works
up comparatively little, and this mainly into simple forms. It produces
iron and steel in considerable quantities but has few machine shops
where really delicate work can be done. It does not manufacture motor
cars, electric or even textile machinery or machine tools, nor does it
make watches or firearms in appreciable quantities. In short, the South
carries some of the most important raw materials only a step or two
toward their ultimate form and depends upon other parts of the country
for the finished article.
Years ago the story was told of a Georgia funeral at which that State
furnished only the corpse and the grave. Georgia, and other States too,
can do much more today, if the funeral be not too elaborate. It can
furnish a cotton shroud, each year of finer quality. The knitting mills
of the South are able to supply an increasing proportion of the
population with hose and underclothing, and a number of the mills are
gaining a national trade through advertising. If demanded, Southern-made
shoes may be found, and a Southern-made coffin may be drawn on a
Southern-made wagon by Southern-bred horses and perhaps, though
improbably, in harness of local manufacture also.
The South was once the richest section of the Union. The vicissitudes of
the Civil War rendered it poor, but now it is rapidly growing richer and
since the beginning of the Great War has shown a phenomenal accumulation
of new capital. During this great struggle some of the cotton mills made
in a single month profits as large as they were formerly accustomed to
make in a year. Even though the farmer received for his cotton much more
than usual, the price of cloth would still have yielded a profit to the
manufacturer if cotton had been twice as high. Other enterprises have
likewise been profitable, and when normal conditions are restored this
capital will seek new investment. While prophecy is dangerous it seems
probable that manufacturing in the South will grow as never before; and
new forms of investment must be found, as the rural districts cannot
furnish any greatly increased supply of labor for cotton manufacturing
though the towns can supply some adult labor for other forms of
industry.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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