The new state : $b Group organization the solution of popular governmentFollett, Mary Parker
Science
The new state : $b Group organization the solution of popular government
Follett, Mary Parker
Democracy; Political participation; Social psychology; State, The
This movement is partly a reaction against an atomistic sovereignty, the
so-called theory of “subjective” rights, a “senseless” geographical
representation, a much berated parliamentary system, and partly the wish
to give industrial workers a larger share in the control of industry and
in government.
The opposition to “numerical representation” has been growing for some
time. We were told thirty years ago by Le Prins that vocational
representation is “the way out of the domination of the majority,” that
the vocational group is the “natural” group “spontaneously generated in
the womb of a nation.” Twenty-five years ago Benoist said that the state
must recognize private associations: universities, chambers of commerce,
professional associations, societies of agriculture, syndicates of
workmen—“en un mot tout ce qui a corps et vie dans la nation.” If the
state is to correspond to reality, it must recognize, Benoist insisted,
all this group life, all these interests, within it. Moreover, he urged,
with our present pulverized suffrage, with sovereignty divided among
millions, we are in a state of anarchy; only group representation will
save us from “la force stupide de nombre.” M. Léon Duguit has given us a
so-called “objective” theory of law which means for many people a new
conception of the state.
Many say that it is absurd for representation to be based on the mere
chance of residence as is the case when the geographical district is the
unit. The territorial principle is going, we are told, and that of
similar occupational interests will take its place. Again some people
are suggesting that both principles should be recognized in our
government: that one house in Parliament represent geographical areas,
the other occupations.[97] No one has yet, however, made any proposal of
this kind definite enough to serve as a basis of discussion.
Syndicalism demands the abolition of the “state” while—through its
organization of the syndicate of workers, the union of syndicates of the
same town or region and the federation of these unions—it erects a
system of its own controlled entirely by the workers. Syndicalism has
gained many adherents lately because of the present reaction against
socialism. People do not want the Servile State and, therefore, many
think they do not want any state.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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