The new state : $b Group organization the solution of popular governmentFollett, Mary Parker
Science
The new state : $b Group organization the solution of popular government
Follett, Mary Parker
Democracy; Political participation; Social psychology; State, The
Sovereignty, it is true, is a fact, not a theory. Whoever can gain
obedience has the sovereign power. But we must go beyond this and seek
those political methods by which the command shall be with those who
have evolved a genuine authority, that is, an authority evolved by what
I have called the true social process. We must go beyond this and seek
those methods by which a genuine authority _can_ be evolved, by which
the true social process shall be everywhere possible. To repeat: first,
the true social process must be given full opportunity and scope, then
it must be made the basis of political method. Then shall we see
emerging a genuine authority which we can all acclaim as sovereign.
There is, I agree with the pluralists, a great advantage in that
authority being multiple and varied, but a static pluralism, so to
speak, would be as bad as a static monism. The groups are always
reaching out _towards_ unity. Our safeguard against crystallization is
that every fresh unity means (as I have tried to show in chapter III)
the throwing out of myriad fresh differences—our safeguard is that the
universe knows no static unity. Unification means sterilization;
unifying means a perpetual generating. We do not want the unified
sovereignty of Germany; but when you put the individual and the group
first, you get unify_ing_ sovereignty.[119]
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Footnote 105:
See writings of Ramiro de Maeztu in New Age and his book mentioned
above.
Footnote 106:
See “Traité de Droit Constitutionnel” and “Études de Droit Public”: I,
L’État, Le Droit Objectif et La Loi Positive; II, L’État, Les
Gouvernants and Les Agents.
As in French _droit_ may be either law or _a_ right, Duguit, in order
to distinguish between these meanings, follows the German distinction
of _objektives Recht_ and _subjektives Recht_, and speaks of _le droit
objectif_ and _le droit subjectif_, thus meaning by _le droit
objectif_ merely law. But because he at the same time writes of power
as resting on function in contradistinction to the classical theory of
the abstract “rights” of man, rights apart from law and only declared
by law, political writers sometimes speak of Duguit’s “objective”
theory of law, as opposed to a “subjective” theory of law, when
jurists would tell us that law _is_ objective, and that subjective
right is always merely _a_ right, my right. This matter of terminology
must be made much clearer than it is at present.
Footnote 107:
Although how far Duguit had in mind merely the solidarity of French
and Roman law has been questioned.
Footnote 108:
I have just read in a work on sociology, “Men surrender their
individual wills to the collective will.” No, the true social process
is not when they _surrender_ but when they _contribute_ their wills to
the collective will. See chs. II-VI, “The Group Process.”
Footnote 109:
See p. 130.
Footnote 110:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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